a) Briefly explain the market completeness assumption in the First Fundamental Theorem of Welfare Economics. b) Are employment and credit contracts complete? If so, how? If not, what aspects of these contracts are not complete? c) According to Bowles's adaptation of Eswaran and Kotwal's model, what determines the difference between economic positions? What are the differences between pure wage worker, small capitalist and pure capitalist?
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- Determine whether each of thefollowing would increase or decrease the opportunity costs formothers who choose not to work outside the home. Explain youranswers.a. Higher levels of education for womenb. Higher unemployment rates for womenc. Higher average pay levels for womend. Lower demand for labor in industries that traditionally employlarge numbers of womenConsider the following labor-leisure choice model. U(C,L) = C^2/3L^1/3 C = wN + π – T H= N+ L Where C: consumptionL: leisureN: hours workedH = 50 : total hoursw = 4 : hourly wageπ = 20 : non-labor income T = 10 : lump-sum tax Suppose the hourly wage changes to w = 5. Perform a decomposition and fill in the table C L N Substitution Effect Income Effect Total Effectd. Based on both the consumption-leisure optimality condition obtained in previous part (Based on both of the two first-order conditions, construct the consumption-leisure optimality condition) and on the budget constraint, qualitatively sketch two things in a diagram with the real wage on the vertical axis and labor on the horizontal axis. First, the general shape of the relationship between w and n (perfectly vertical, perfectly horizontal, upward-sloping, downward-sloping, or impossible to tell). Second, how changes. in / affect the relationship (shift it outward, shift it inward, or impossible to deter mine). Briefly describe the economics of how you obtained your conclusions.
- Consider worker 1 with non-labour income Y facing a wage offer w and a utility function defined over consumption and leisure. U(c,l) = lnC + 4lnl Queston: Show that the Slutsky equation holds for this workerSuppose that Congress passes a law requiringemployers to provide employees some benefit (suchas healthcare) that raises the cost of an employee by$4 per hour.a. What effect does this employer mandate haveon the demand for labor? (In answering this andthe following questions, be quantitative whenyou can.)b. If employees place a value on this benefit exactlyequal to its cost, what effect does this employermandate have on the supply of labor?c. If the wage can freely adjust to balance supply anddemand, how does this law affect the wage andthe level of employment? Are employers better orworse off? Are employees better or worse off?d. Suppose that, before the mandate, the wage in thismarket was $3 above the minimum wage. In thiscase, how does the employer mandate affect thewage, the level of employment, and the level ofunemployment?e. Now suppose that workers do not value themandated benefit at all. How does this alternativeassumption change your answers to parts(b) and (c)?Jill is planning the timing of her on-the-job training investments over the life cycle. What happens to Jill’s OJT investments at every age if a. The market-determined rental rate to an efficiency unit falls? b. Jill’s discount rate increases? c. The government passes legislation delaying the retirement age until age 70? d. Technological progress is such that much of the OJT acquired at any given age becomes obsolete within the next 10 years?
- assume the following labor supply curves: 1. N = C + .64 W -2.33 I + 0.08 K 2. N = C + 1.33 W - .59 I - .28 K 3. N = C - 1.11 W - .59I - .28K a. Determine whether leisure is inferior in the 2nd labor supply curve. b. which if any of the above three equations represent back-bending labor supply curves? justify your answer. c. which if any of the above three labor supply curves is inconsistent with theory? justify your answer.Assume you have been laid off from your job and withdrew from the labor market. Youhave zero non-labor income. If you did supply labor to the market, you could earn $7.25per hour. There are 110 non-sleeping hours available during a week.a. Draw the budget constraint and indifference curve that depicts the situationdescribed above.b. Because you were laid-off from your job, you qualify for unemploymentinsurance (UI). In Wisconsin, you could earn $370 per week without working. Ifyou do choose to work, your labor earnings are taxed at 67%. Furthermore, understate law, you could work up to 31 hours during the week and still receive UI.Show how this UI program alters your budget constraint.c. Would the UI program described in part (b) alter your decision to supply labor tothe market? Why or why not?Consider worker 1 with non-labour income Y facing a wage offer w and a utility function defined over consumption and leisure. U(c,l) = lnC + 4lnl a) Compare worker 1 with worker 2 whose utility function is described by U(c,l) = cl. Which worker places a higher value on labour market work? b) Suppose the worker participates in the labour market. Derive worker’s compensated labor supply function and the compensated labour supply elasticity with respect to wage as a function of utility level and wage. c) Derive worker’s uncompensated labour supply function (for labour market participants and non-participants) and the uncompensated labour supply elasticity (for labor market participants) with respect to wage as a function of non-labour income and wage.
- A utilitarian believes that the redistribution ofincome from the rich to the poor is worthwhile aslong asa. the worst-off members of society benefit from it.b. those contributing to the system are in favor of it.c. each person’s income, after taxes and transfers,reflects his marginal product.d. the distortionary effect on work incentives is nottoo large.Consider two workers with identical preferences, Phil and Bill. Both workers have the same life cycle wage path in that they face the same wage at every age, and they know what their future wages will be. Leisure and consumption are both normal goods. a. Compare the life cycle path of hours of work between the two workers if Bill receives a one-time, unexpected inheritance at the age of 35. b. Compare the life cycle path of hours of work between the two workers if Bill had always known he would receive (and, in fact, does receive) a one-time inheritance at the age of 35.Paying soldiers more who are in combat zones is an example of? O wage discrimination O compensating differentials O human capital effect O segmented market effect.