a) Calculate the energy needed for this heating process. b) Calculate what volume change the water will undergo in the heating process. Express the volume change in volume in units of both m³ and cm³. c) Calculate the cost of heating this volume of water if you know the cost of electricity is $0.28 per kWh ? What assumption(s) are we making in this calculation e) Based on the calculations in (c) above, approximately how much will a daily hot shower cost you over a month if we assume that you use around half the volume of the cylinder every time you shower? What costs in the heating of your shower water are we ignoring in this case ?

a) Calculate the energy needed for this heating process. b) Calculate what volume change the water will undergo in the heating process. Express the volume change in volume in units of both m³ and cm³. c) Calculate the cost of heating this volume of water if you know the cost of electricity is $0.28 per kWh ? What assumption(s) are we making in this calculation e) Based on the calculations in (c) above, approximately how much will a daily hot shower cost you over a month if we assume that you use around half the volume of the cylinder every time you shower? What costs in the heating of your shower water are we ignoring in this case ?

College Physics

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168000

Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs

Publisher:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs

Chapter14: Heat And Heat Transfer Methods

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10PE: Even when shut down after a period of normal use, a large commercial nuclear reactor transfers...

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For the human body, what is the rate of heat transfer by conduction through the body’s tissue with the following conditions: the tissue thickness is 3.00 cm, the change in temperature is 2.00C, and the skin area is 1.50m2. How does this compare with the average heat transfer rate to the body resulting from an energy intake of about 2400 kcal per day? (No exercise is included.)
Compare the SI units of specific heat and latent heat and explain any differences.
A firewalker runs across a bed of hot coals without sustaining burns. Calculate the heat transferred by conduction into the sole of one foot of a firewalker given that the bottom of the foot is a 3.00-mm-thick callus with a conductivity at the low end of the range for wood and its density is 300 kg/m3. The area of contact is 25.0 cm2 the temperature of the coals is 700 , and the time in contact is 1.00 s. Ignore the evaporative cooling of sweat.
(a) It is difficult to extinguish a fire on a crude oil tanker, because each liter of crude oil releases 2.80107J of energy when burned. To illustrate this difficulty, calculate the number of liters of water that must be expended to absorb the energy released by burning 1.00 L of crude oil, it the water has its temperature raised from 20.0C to 100C, it boils, and the resulting steam is raised to 300C. (b) Discuss additional complications caused by the fact that crude oil has a smaller density than water.
Is it possible for the temperature of a system to remain constant when heat flows into or out of it? If so, give examples.
Condensation on a glass of ice water causes the ice to melt faster than it would otherwise. If 8.00 g of vapor condense on a glass containing both water and 200 g of ice, how many grams of the ice will melt as a result? Assume no other heat transfer occurs. Use Lvfor water at 37 as a better approximation than Lvfor water at 100 .)
Even when shut down after a period of normal use, a large commercial nuclear reactor transfers thermal energy at the rate of 150 MW by the radioactive decay of fission products. This heat transfer causes a rapid increase in temperature it the cooling system fails (1 watt 2 1 joule/second or 1W=1J/s and 1MW=1megawatt ). (a) Calculate the rate of temperature increase in degrees Celsius per second (C/s) if the mass of the reactor core is 1.60105kg and it has an average specific heat of 0.3349kJ/kgC. (b) How long would it take to obtain a temperature increase of 2000C, which could cause some metals holding the radioactive materials to melt? (The initial rate of temperature increase would be greater than that calculated here because the heat transfer is concentrated in a smaller mass. Later, however, the temperature increase would slow down because the 5105-kg steel containment vessel would also begin to heat up.) Figure 14.32 Radioactive spentfuel pool at a nuclear power plant. Spent fuel stays hot for a long time. (credit: U.S. Department of Energy)
- (a) Compute the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water from its freezing point to its normal boiling point. (b) How does your answer to (a) compare to the amount of heat needed to convert 1 kg of water at 100° C to steam at 100°C?
Your house will be empty for a while in cold weather and want to save energy and money. Should you tum the thermostat down to the lowest level that will protect the house from damage such as freezing pipes, or leave it at the normal temperature? (If you don't like coming back to a cold house, imagine that a timer controls the heating system so the house will be warm when you get back.) Explain your answer.
In 1993, the U.S. government instituted a requirement that all room air conditioners sold in the United States must have an energy efficiency ratio (EER) of 10 or higher. The EER is defined as the ratio of the cooling capacity of the air conditioner, measured in British thermal units per hour, or Btu/h, to its electrical power requirement in watts. (a) Convert the EER of 10.0 to dimensionless form, using the conversion 1 Btu = 1 055 J. (b) What is the appropriate name for this dimensionless quantity? (c) In the 1970s, it was common to find room air conditioners with EERs of 5 or lower. State how the operating costs compare for 10 000-Btu/h air conditioners with EERs of 5.00 and 10.0. Assume each air conditioner operates for 1 500 h during the summer in a city where electricity costs 17.0 per kWh.
Calculate the rate of heat conduction out of the human body, assuming that the core internal temperature is 37.0C, the skin temperature is 34.0C, the thickness of the tissues between averages 1.00 cm, and the surface area is 1.40m2.
When heat transfers into a system, is the energy stored as heat? Explain briefly.