A carnitine deficiency might manifest itself as... O accumulation of long chain fatty acids in the mitochondrial matrix. O an inability to run ß-oxidation on 16-carbon fatty acids. excess medium chain fatty acyl-CoA molecules in the mitochondrial matrix. O ketoacidosis. the inability to synthesize long chain fatty acids.
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- Administration of insulin decreases the blood concentration of ketone bodies in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis by which of the following mechanisms?A) Decreasing formation of ketone bodies in skeletal muscleB) Decreasing lipolysis in adipose tissueC) Increasing hepatic activity of carnitine acyltransferaseD) Increasing hepatic levels of acetyl CoAE) Increasing hepatic oxidation of ketone bodiesMetabolic ketoacidosis is a common problem with diabetics, which is caused by which of the following? Excessive oxidation of fatty acids, leading to an accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood. Excessive oxidation of glucose, leading to an accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood. Excessive oxidation of proteins, leading to an accumulation of ammonia in the blood. Hyperglycemia.All of the following are true with respect to alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, except:A. It inhibits intestinal alpha-glucosidase B. It decreases enzymatic conversion of oligo- to monosaccharidesC. It lowers postprandial glucoseD. It causes gastrointestinal disturbances.E. It may cause development of hypertension.
- Indicate what will happen ( increase, decrease or no effect) a. release of glucagon in the blood to the activity of carnitine acyl transferase 1 b. high malonyl CoA to the activity of carnitine acyl transferase I C. Epinephrine to the activity og glycogen synthase d. high citrate to the activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase e. high acetyl CoA to ketogenesisWhich of the following enzymes is unique to the liver? Beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase HMG-CoA lyase Thiolase 3-Ketoacyl CoA transferaseWhich of the following statements about the ketone bodies is/are TRUE? Produced during starvation and in diabetic patients Excess is transformed to acetone or hydroxybutyrate. Extreme amount of ketone bodies may cause ketosis in diabetics. Occurs during a high-lipid and low-protein diet.
- When the energetic needs of hepatocytes are being met, which of the following occurs? Acetyl-CoA inhibits pyruvate carboxylase. ATP inhibits fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase1). ATPactivatesglycogenphosphorylase(phosphorylasea). Acetyl-CoA stimulates pyruvate kinase. None of the above Please answer asap and in short and content should not be palgarised pleaseA patient presents with a rare disorder called Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome. The patient has developed tumors in the small intestine that release hormones that stimulate the stomach to synthesize and secrete large amounts of HCL. How would this disorder disrupt normal digestive enzyme functions?Abnormal triglyceride accumulation in the liver (hepatic steatosis) leads to insulin resistance, which is trademark trigger of type 2 diabetes. Insulin-resistant hepatocytes perform gluconeogenesis even in the presence of high blood glucose levels, which exacerbates the hyperglycemia. These insulin-resistant cells also perform excessive b-oxidation, which can lead to ketoacidosis. Insulin normally suppresses lipolysis, and thus insulin-resistant adipocytes release too many fatty acids into circulation, many of which are taken up by hepatocytes and esterified into triglyceride. Thus, insulin resistance further exacerbates hepatic steatosis, which will in turn worsen insulin resistance in the liver. Given this vicious cycle, abatement of hepatic steatosis is one of the mainstays of diabetes treatment. Metformin is one such treatment and works by activating fatty acid degradation and inhibiting fatty acid synthesis. Which of the following could be the mechanism of action of metformin? (A)…
- Its principal function is to increase the concentration of glucose in the blood by speeding the glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver.What is the name of the enzyme that produces acetyl-CoA? What is the name of its major inhibitor? If this inhibitor is active, how will carbohydrate metabolism be affected? Be specific. (The word metabolism isn’t specific.)Discuss the 3 mechanisms of abnormal carbohydrates metabolism that result in the development of ketone bodies in the urine and give examples of the condition to each.