Indicate what will happen ( increase, decrease or no effect) a. release of glucagon in the blood to the activity of carnitine acyl transferase 1 b. high malonyl CoA to the activity of carnitine acyl transferase I C. Epinephrine to the activity og glycogen synthase d. high citrate to the activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase e. high acetyl CoA to ketogenesis

Indicate what will happen ( increase, decrease or no effect) a. release of glucagon in the blood to the activity of carnitine acyl transferase 1 b. high malonyl CoA to the activity of carnitine acyl transferase I C. Epinephrine to the activity og glycogen synthase d. high citrate to the activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase e. high acetyl CoA to ketogenesis

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter19: The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 22P: Study Figure 19.18 and decide which of the following statements is false. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is...

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Indicate what will happen ( increase, decrease or no effect) tothe activity of the enzyme or rate of the metabolic pathway in the given conditions a. release of glucagon in the blood to the activity of carnitine acyl transferase 1 b. high malonyl CoA to the activity of carnitine acyl transferase I C. Epinephrine to the activity og glycogen synthase d. high citrate to the activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase e. high acetyl CoA to ketogenesis
Administration of insulin decreases the blood concentration of ketone bodies in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis by which of the following mechanisms?A) Decreasing formation of ketone bodies in skeletal muscleB) Decreasing lipolysis in adipose tissueC) Increasing hepatic activity of carnitine acyltransferaseD) Increasing hepatic levels of acetyl CoAE) Increasing hepatic oxidation of ketone bodies
During the fed state, which of the following occur(s)? a) insulin stimulation of malonyl CoA formation b) allosteric inhibition of carnitine acyltransferase I c) both a and b d) neither a nor b
Can you please pick the right answer in each parentheses? Cholesterol levels in human serum are determined by ["only biosynthetic rates", "a combination of endogenous synthesis, update from the diet, and excretion via bile"] . Inhibition of ["HMG-CoA synthase", "HMG-CoA reductase"] can reduce cholesterol levels, and reduces the formation of a 6 carbon organic acid, ["isopentyl diphosphate", "mevalonate"], that is a critical building block for cholesterol.
Which of the following is a sign of diabetic ketoacidosis? Select one: A. Diabetic foot B. Dysuria C. Insulin shock D. Frequent and deep respiration E. Hypoglycemia
What is typically seen with biguanide use?A. Increased glucose uptake by muscle tissueA. Decreased basal insulin levelB. Decreased intestinal glucose absorption C. Gastrointestinal disturbancesD. Decreased lactate level
Write a one-sentence explanation for each of the following statements.(a) In liver, glucagon stimulates glycogen breakdown via cAMP. Although you might expect glucagon to stimulate catabolism of the glucose formed as well, glucagon inhibits glycolysis and stimulates gluconeogenesis in liver.(b) An individual with a glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency suffers fromchronic hypoglycemia.(c) The action of phosphorylase kinase simultaneously activates glycogenbreakdown and inhibits glycogen synthesis.(d) The presence in liver of glucose-6-phosphatase is essential to the function of the liver in synthesizing glucose for use by other tissues.
Define the following terms: a. hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketosis b. insulin resistance c. JNK d. PKCθ e. PKCε
All of the following are true with respect to alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, except:A. It inhibits intestinal alpha-glucosidase B. It decreases enzymatic conversion of oligo- to monosaccharidesC. It lowers postprandial glucoseD. It causes gastrointestinal disturbances.E. It may cause development of hypertension.
All of the following are true with respect to thiazolidinediones, except:A. They influence insulin resistanceB. They result in frequent episodes of hypoglycemiaC. They slow down progression of renal disease and development of hypertension.D. They decrease blood level of free fatty acids E. They improve metabolism
Which one of the following statements concerning gluconeogenesis is correct? a. It is inhibited by elevated levels of acetyl CoA. b. It occurs in muscle. c. It is important in maintaining blood glucose during normal overnight fast. d. It is stimulated by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate.
Discusskey impairments that are characteristic in the altered glucose metabolism of people with Type 2 Diabetes. (note: you should describe effects in different key organs/tissues involved in glucose metabolism within your answer) As a result of these impairments, describethe expected differences in post-prandial metabolism of a given load of digestible carbohydrates in people with Type 2 Diabetes compared with healthy, non-diabetic individuals.