1 Temperature And Heat 2 The Kinetic Theory Of Gases 3 The First Law Of Thermodynamics 4 The Second Law Of Thermodynamics 5 Electric Charges And Fields 6 Gauss's Law 7 Electric Potential 8 Capacitance 9 Current And Resistance 10 Direct-current Circuits 11 Magnetic Forces And Fields 12 Sources Of Magnetic Fields 13 Electromagnetic Induction 14 Inductance 15 Alternating-current Circuits 16 Electromagnetic Waves Chapter4: The Second Law Of Thermodynamics
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 4.1CYU: Check Your Understanding What is the efficiency of a perfect heat engine? What is the coefficient of... Problem 4.2CYU: Check your Understanding Show that QhQh=QcQc for the hypothetical engine of Figure 4.10 The second... Problem 4.3CYU: Check Your Understanding A Carnot engine operates between reservoirs at 400 and 30 . (a) What is... Problem 4.4CYU: Check Your Understanding A Carnot refrigerator operates between two heat reservoirs whose... Problem 4.5CYU: Check Your Understanding In Example 4.7, the spontaneous flow of heat from a hot object to a cold... Problem 4.6CYU: Check Your Understanding A quantity of heat Q is absorbed from a reservoir at a temperature Th by a... Problem 4.7CYU: Check Your Understanding A 50-g copper piece at a temperature of 20 is placed into a large... Problem 1CQ: State an example of a process that occurs in nature that is as close to reversible as it can be. Problem 2CQ: Explain in practical terms why efficiency is defined as Problem 3CQ: If the refrigerator door is left what happens to the temperature of the kitchen? Problem 4CQ: Is it possible for the efficiency of a reversible engine to greater than 1.0? Is it possible for the... Problem 5CQ: In the text, we showed that if the Clausius statement is false, the Kelvin statement must also be... Problem 6CQ: Why don't we operate ocean liners by extracting heat from the ocean or operate airplanes by... Problem 7CQ: Discuss the practical advantages and disadvantages of heat pumps and electric heating. Problem 8CQ: The energy output of a heat pump is greater than the energy used to operate the pump. Why doesn't... Problem 9CQ: Speculate as to why nuclear power plants are less efficient than fossil-fuel plants based on... Problem 10CQ: An ideal gas goes from state (pi,vi,) to state (pf,vf,) when it is allowed to expand freely. Is it... Problem 11CQ: To increase the efficiency of a Carnot engine, should the temperature of the hot reservoir be raised... Problem 12CQ: How could you design a Carnot engine with 100% efficiency? Problem 13CQ: What type of processes occur in a Carnot cycle? Problem 14CQ: Does the entropy increase for a Carnot engine for each cycle? Problem 15CQ: Is it possible for a system to have an entropy change if it neither absorbs nor emits heat during a... Problem 16CQ: Are the entropy changes of the system in the following processes positive or negative? (a) water... Problem 17CQ: Discuss the entropy changes in the systems of Question 21.10 in terms of disorder. Problem 18P: A tank contains 111.0 g chlorine gas l2), which is at temperature 82.0 and absolute pressure... Problem 19P: A mole of ideal monatomic gas at 0 and 1.00 atm is warmed up to expand isobarically to triple its... Problem 20P: A mole of an ideal gas at pressure 4.00 atm and temperature 298 K expands isothermally to double its... Problem 21P: After a free expansion to quadruple its volume, a mole of ideal diatomic gas is compressed back to... Problem 22P: An engine is found to have an efficiency of 0.40. If it does 200 J of work per cycle, what are the... Problem 23P: In performing 100.0 J of work, an engine discharges 50.0 J of heat. What is the efficiency of the... Problem 24P: An engine with an efficiency of 0.30 absorbs 500 J of heat per cycle. (a) How much work does it... Problem 25P: It is found that an engine discharges 100.0 J while absorbing 125.0 J each cycle of operation. (a)... Problem 26P: The temperature of the cold reservoir of the engine is 300 K. It has an efficiency of 0.30 and... Problem 27P: An engine absorbs three times as much heat as it discharges. The work done by the engine per cycle... Problem 28P: A coal power plant consumes 100,000 kg of coal per hour and produces 500 MW of power. If the heat of... Problem 29P: A refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of 3.0. (a) If it requires 200 J of work per cycle,... Problem 30P: During one cycle, a refrigerator removes 500 J from a cold reservoir and discharges 800 J to its hot... Problem 31P: If a refrigerator discards 80 J of heat per cycle and its coefficient of performance is 6.0, what... Problem 32P: A refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of 3.0. (a) If it requires 200 J of work per cycle,... Problem 33P: The temperature of the cold and hot reservoirs between which a Carnot refrigerator operates are 73 ... Problem 34P: Suppose a Carnot refrigerator operates between Tc and Th . Calculate the amount of work required to... Problem 35P: A Carnot engine operates between reservoirs at 600 and 300 K. If the engine absorbs 100 J per cycle... Problem 36P: A 500-W motor operates a Carnot refrigerator between 5 and 30 . (a) What is the amount of heat per... Problem 37P: Sketch a Carnot cycle on a temperature-volume diagram. Problem 38P: A Carnot heat pump operates between 0 and 20 . How much heat is exhausted into the interior of a... Problem 39P: An engine between heat reservoirs at 20 and 200 extracts 1000 J per cycle from the hot reservoir.... Problem 40P: Suppose a Carnot engine can be operated between two reservoirs as either a heat engine or a... Problem 41P: A Carnot engine is used to measure the temperature of a heat reservoir. The engine operates between... Problem 42P: What is the minimum work required of a refrigerator if it is to extract 50 J per cycle from the... Problem 43P: Two hundred joules of heat are removed from a heat at a temperature of 200 K. What is the entropy... Problem 44P: In an isothermal reversible expansion at 27 , an ideal gas does 20 J of work. What is the entropy... Problem 45P: An ideal gas at 300 K is compressed isothermally to one-fifth its original volume. Determine the... Problem 46P: What is the entropy change of 10 g of steam at 100 when it condenses to water at the same... Problem 47P: A metal is used to conduct heat between two reservoirs at temperatures Th and Tc , respectively.... Problem 48P: For the Carnot cycle of Figure 4.12, what is the entropy change of the hot reservoir, the cold... Problem 49P: A 5.0-kg piece of lead at a temperature of 600 is placed in a lake whose temperature is 15 .... Problem 50P: One mole of an ideal gas doubles its volume in a reversible isothermal expansion. (a) What is the... Problem 51P: One mole of an ideal monatomic gas is confined to a rigid container. When heat is added reversibly... Problem 52P: (a) A 5.0-kg rock at a temperature of 20 is dropped into a shallow lake also at 20 from a height... Problem 53P: A copper rod of cross-sectional area 5.0 cm2 and length 5.0 m conducts heat from a heat reservoir at... Problem 54P: Fifty grams of water at 20 is heated until it becomes vapor at 100 . Calculate the change in... Problem 55P: Fifty grams of water at 0 are changed into vapor at 100 . What is the change in entropy of the... Problem 56P: In an isochoric process, heat is added to 10 mol of monoatomic ideal gas whose temperature increases... Problem 57P: Two hundred grams of water at 0 is brought into contact with a heat reservoir at 80 . After thermal... Problem 58P: Suppose that the temperature of the water in the previous problem is raised by fist bringing it to... Problem 59P: Two hundred grams of water at 0 is brought into contact into thermal equilibrium successively with... Problem 60P: (a) Ten grams of H2O stats as ice at 0 . The ice absorbs heat from the air (just above 0 ) until all... Problem 61P: The Carnot cycle is represented by the temperature-entropy diagram shown below. (a) How much heat is... Problem 62P: A Carnot engine operating between heat reservoirs at 500 and 300 K absorbs 1500 J per cycle at the... Problem 63P: A monoatomic ideal gas (n moles) goes through a cyclic process shown below. Find the change in... Problem 64P: A Carnot engine has an efficiency of 0.60. When the temperature of its cold reservoir the efficiency... Problem 65P: A Carnot engine performs 100 J of work while discharging 200 J of heat each cycle. After temperature... Problem 66P: A Carnot refrigerator exhausts heat to the air, which is at a temperature of 25 . How much is used... Problem 67AP: A 300-W heat pump operates between the ground, whose temperature is 0 , and the interior of a house... Problem 68AP: An engineer must design a refrigerator that does 300 J of work per cycle to extract 2100 J of heat... Problem 69AP: A Carnot engine employs 1.5 mol of nitrogen gas as a working substance, which is considered as an... Problem 70AP: A 5.0-kg wood block starts with an initial speed of 8.0 m/s and slides across the floor until... Problem 71AP: A system consisting of 20.0 mol of a monoatomic ideal gas is cooled at constant pressure from a... Problem 72AP: A glass beaker of mass 400 g contains 500 g of water at 27 . The beaker is heated reversibly so that... Problem 73AP: A Carnot engine operates between 550 and 20 baths and produces 300 kJ of energy in each cycle.... Problem 74AP: An ideal gas at temperature T is stored in the left half of an insulating container of volume V... Problem 75AP: A 0.50-kg piece of aluminum at 250 is dropped into 1.0 kg of water at 20 . After equilibrium is... Problem 76AP: Suppose 20 g of ice at 0 is added to 300 g of water at 60 . What is the total change in entropy of... Problem 77AP: A heat engine operates between two temperatures such that the working substance of the engine... Problem 78AP: A thermal engine produces 4 MJ of electrical energy while operating between two thermal baths of... Problem 79AP: A coal power plant consumes 100,000 kg of coal per hour and produces 500 MW of power. If the heat of... Problem 80AP: A Carnot engine operates in a Carnot cycle between a heat source at 550 and a heat sink at 20 .... Problem 81AP: A Carnot engine working between two heat baths of temperatures 600 K and 273 K completes each cycle... Problem 82AP: A Carnot cycle working between 100 and 30 is used to drive a refrigerator between 10 and 30 .... Problem 83CP: (a) infinitesimal amount of heat is added reversibly to a system. By combining the first and second... Problem 84CP: Using the result of the preceding problem, show that for an ideal gas undergoing an adiabatic... Problem 85CP: With the help of the two preceding problems, show that S between states 1 and 2 of nmoles an ideal... Problem 86CP: A cylinder contains 500 g of helium at 120 atm and 20 . The valve is leaky, and all the gas slowly... Problem 87CP: A diatomic ideal gas is brought from an initial equilibrium state at p1=0.50 atm and T1=300K to a... Problem 88CP: The gasoline internal combustion engine operates in a cycle consisting of six parts. Four of these... Problem 89CP: An ideal diesel cycle is shown below. This cycle consists of five strokes. In this case, only air is... Problem 90CP: Consider an ideal gas Joule cycle, also called the Brayton cycle, shown below. Find the formula for... Problem 91CP: Derive a formula for the coefficient of performance of a refrigerator using an ideal gas as a... Problem 92CP: Two moles of nitrogen gas, with =7/5 for ideal diatomic gases, occupies a volume of 102 m3 in an... Problem 93CP: A Carnot refrigerator, working between 0 and 30 is used to cool a bucket of water containing 102... Problem 80AP: A Carnot engine operates in a Carnot cycle between a heat source at 550 and a heat sink at 20 ....
Related questions
A carnot cycle consist of two isothermal and two isentropic processes that operates between 350 °F and 550 °F. It is the most efficient thermodynamic cycle. What is the maximum thermal efficiency? (Please show step by steps solutions thank you!)
Science that deals with the amount of energy transferred from one equilibrium state to another equilibrium state.
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