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- Give the economic interpretation of a budget lineIn this hypothetical economy, there are two consumers living over two periods of life. Ann’s incomes are $50,000 in both periods. Meanwhile, Bob earns nothing in the first period but $105,000 in the second period. Both of them can borrow or lend at the interest rate r. For simplicity, assume that there are no taxes. a) Assume that both Ann and Bob consume $50,000 in the first period and $50,000 in the second period. Write down the lifetime budget constraint for each consumer then calculate the interest rate r. Describe the economic behavior of each consumer. b) Suppose the interest rate increases. What will happen to Ann’s consumption in the first period? Is Ann better off or worse off than before the interest rate rises? Explain your answer using an appropriate diagram c) What will happen to Bob’s consumption in the first period when the interest rate increases? Is Bob better off or worse off than before the interest rate increases? Explain your answer using an…In this hypothetical economy, there are two consumers living over two periods of life. Ann's incomes are $50,000 in both periods. Meanwhile, Bob earns nothing in the first period but $105,000 in the second period. Both of them can borrow or lend at the interest rate r. For simplicity, assume that there are no taxes. a)Assume that both Ann and Bob consume $50,000 in the first period and $50,000 in the second period. Write down the lifetime budget constraint for each consumer then calculate the interest rate r. Describe the economic behaviour of each consumer. b) Suppose the interest rate increases. What will happen to Ann's consumption in the first period? Is Ann better off or worse off than before the interest rate rises? Explain your answer using an appropriate diagram c) What will happen to Bob's consumption in the first period when the interest rate increases? Is Bob better off or worse off than before the interest rate increases? Explain your answer using an appropriate diagram.
- Suppose you are the only producer and consumer in the economy and the only constraint you face is time. You produce a apple in an hour, if you do not make a production, you enjoy your time as a leisure time. You derive utility from both consuming the apple and consuming the leisure time. Suppose there are T hours to be used for both leisure and production. Additionally suppose that you are provided with m ( > 0 ) apple in each day by the government. ( Consumption does not take time) i) Please draw the budget constraint and budget set you face ii) Suppose that you become able to produce two apples in an hour but the number of apple provided everyday by government dropped to m-2 ( m > 2). Could you please draw budget set and budget constraint under new settings? (This scenario is valid only for this question) iii) Suppose that if you use ȟ (< T) hours of leisure (MULeisure / MUapple ) = 1 and if you use more than ȟ hours for leisure (MULeisure / MUapple ) < 1, and if…A worker receives a wage rate w and has L hours of leisure every day (the total endowment of hours is 24 hours per day). The government gives a subsidy of rate s of her income (i.e. her income is (1+s) times what it would be without the subsidy). The worker cannot save, and initially faces no tax. She consumes a single consumption good, c. 1. Write a budget constraint for this individual and plot it. 2. Suppose that the worker has well-behaved preferences, i.e. she likes more consumption and leisure rather than less, she dislikes working, and she has decreasing marginal utility in consumption and leisure. a. Display graphically what the optimal consumption-leisure choice for this worker (no need for exact numbers as we don’t know the utility function; give intuition) 3. Imagine that instead of a subsidy rate, s, the government imposes income tax at rate t. What is the new budget constraint? Display on the same picture. In the new optimum, is the consumption higher? Explain the answer…There are two candidates in an election that compete only on the education budget they will enact if elected. The budget can be any integer from $1 to $8 and the distribution of voters’ preferences over these outcomes is given below. For example, there are 2 voters that prefer a budget of $1, 4 voters that prefer a budget of $2, and so on. Furthermore, all voters have single-peaked preferences. Assume the candidates’ sole objective is to receive as many votes as possible. (Image Attached) a) Find a proposed budget for each candidate that constitutes an equilibrium. Explain.
- Willy the Worker has unavoidable personal commitments taking 8 hours per day. He can choose to work or to play (i.e., take leisure, a normal good) in the remaining hours. Being a graduate in Economics, he can charge $100 per hour for his consulting services when he chooses to work. The government's income tax system has a 0% tax rate for daily incomes from $0 to $ $600 per day; above $600 per day, the tax rate is 20%. Willy has a certain Utility Function U(L, I) where L = leisure playtime and I = Income. His Marginal Rate of Substitution is known to be derived from this equation: MRSL/I=2I/L. (Note that the "price" of Income is $1.) Willy thinks he pays enough taxes via the excise taxes on things he buys. So he decides to work the maximum number of hours he can without paying any income taxes. According to our Indifference Theory model, is Willy maximizing his satisfaction with his "no tax" choice, or should he work fewer hours?The utility function of a consumer is u = √x + 2y. (a) If the government takes income tax which results in a decrease in m′ = 0, 9m. what are the units of decrease in the number of x goods requested? (b) Which of the above two tax policies should be chosen if x is a cigarette?Explain!Suppose a consumer’s preferences over two goods x_1 and x_2 are given by u = Square root (X_1,X_2). Her income is M and the two goods cost p1 and p2 per unit respectively. a) Derive her utility at the optimal consumption point as a function of prices and income. b) Now suppose the government imposes a proportional tax t on the value of the good x_1 (such as VAT). If the consumer approaches the government for income compensation to remain as well off as before the tax (i.e. compensating variation in income), how much money would she ask for? c) If instead, the government decides to maintain consumer’s utility level not through lump-sum transfer but by introducing a proportional subsidy S on the price of good 2, then what should be the size of the subsidy? d) Based on your answer in part c) discuss how much would it cost for the government to introduce both a tax and a subsidy at the same time? Can you think of any situation when this policy would make sense?
- Suppose there was a debate regarding how to spend $1 billion in newly found revenues in the budget. Suppose the most liberal Democrat suggests an increase to Food Stamp (SNAP) allotments. Suppose the most conservative Republican suggests an increase in defense spending. The Republican says that, on average, military spending does the most good, so more is better. The Democrat is arguing that the extra food purchased by the extra spending will increase well-being the most. What is going on here? A . Both are employing marginal analysis, just from different perspectives. B. Only the Democrat is using marginal analysis. C. Only the Republican is using marginal analysis. D. Neither are using marginal analysis.no chagpt answer urgent. The marginal rate of substitution of current consumption for future consumption is A) the slope of the indifference curve. B) minus the slope of the difference curve. C) the downward slope of the budget constraint. D) the endowment point. E) the slope of the lifetime budget constraint.Consider 2 goods with prices p1 = 4 and p2 = 6, and a consumer with income m = 200. The government imposes a sales tax on good 1. Suppose the sales tax is (a) a quantity tax t = 2 (dollars per unit). (b) an ad valorem tax of 30 per cent (t = 0.3). Compute and graph the consumer’s budget line without a tax, and for the taxes in (a) and (b), respectively.