A double-strand break has activated ATM. Select all the statements that are true of the activated pathway. p53 must be phosphorylated. p21 inhibits the phosphorylation of Rb protein, which allows cell cycle arrest. PUMA inhibits Bcl-2, thereby allowing apoptosis. p53 must be released from Mdm2.
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- Which of the following proteins would least likely promote arrest of cell division or apoptosis? Select one: a. p21 b. superoxide c. retinoblastoma d. p53 e. cyclinWhich of the following must occur for programmed cell death (apoptosis): 1. p53 must be stabilized 2. M-Cdk must be active 3. Caspases must be inactivated 4. There must be local inflammationWhich protein is a positive regulator that phosphorylates other proteins when activated? a. p53 b. retinoblastoma protein (Rb) c. cyclin d. cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)
- Cyclin D/cdk 4,6 inhibits retinoblastoma protein (Rb) binding to...., which ultimately affects gene expression. cycling-dependent kinase tramscription factor E2F p53 oncogenesExplain why the continually active CDK will most likely change the normal cells into cancer cells.The Adaptive Immune Response Is a Specific Defense Against Infection Researchers have been having a difficult time developing a vaccine against a certain pathogenic virus as a result of the lack of a weakened strain. They turn to you because of your wide knowledge of recombinant DNA technology and the immune system. How could you vaccinate someone against the virus, using a cloned gene from the virus that encodes a cell-surface protein?
- In a healthy cell, which of the following proteins will be activated in order to suppress cell division if the cell is not ready or should not divide? Select one: a. p53 b. cdk c. cyclin d. seperase e. mitogenWhich negative regulatory molecule can trigger cell suicide (apoptosis) if vital cell cycle events do not occur? a. p53 b. p21 c. retinoblastoma protein (Rb) d. cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)Which of the following statements correctly describes p53? Which of the following statements correctly describes p53? A) It is a membrane receptor that binds to growth factors such as EGF. B) p53 binds to pre-replication complexes promoting the transition from G1 to S phase. C) p53 activates cyclin-CDK complexes. D) Activation of p53 leads to inhibition of the cyclin-CDK complexes. E) Cell division stops until p53 binds to DNA and repairs the damage.
- Compare and contrast the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways. Please keep brief - 3 sentences/dot points each.What statement about Cdks/Cyclins below is false? A) Cyclins phosphorylate Cdks B) Cdks are kinases C) Cdk expression is constant during the cell cycle D) Cyclin expression fluctuates during the cell cycle E) Cdk activity fluctuates during the cell cycle__________ binds to DNA during S phase and maintains the linkage between sister chromatids following DNA replication : a) cohesins b) condensins c) Aurora d) Cdk4