a) Draw a typical stress-strain diagram for an element made of steel. Denote and define all the relevant points. b) Define normal and shear stresses, and explain the Hooke’s law. c) Consider an element shown in Figure 1, panel 1. The undeformed shape is denoted by the solid line and deformed by the dashed line. Given the Poisson’s ratio of 1/3, and dimensions shown in the figure, compute the vertical deformation (delta y)?

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Stress transformation

The term stress indicates the measure of internal forces that develop due to an external force's application on an object. When a specific external force is applied to an object, internal stress generates in the material. The value of stress can obtain by taking the ratio of the externally applied force and cross-sectional area of the object. There are different types of stress depending on the type of external force.