A firm’s board of directors wants to maximize its profits. If the firm’s manager puts in a high effort, the firm gets a high profit of 9 with probability 80%, but if the manager puts in a low effort, the firm gets a low profit of 4 with probability 80%. The utility functions of both the board of directors and the manager are identical and are simply u(b)=b. High effort for the manager costs 2. The manager has an outside wage of 1. Calculate the optimal wage schedule under high and low realized profits.
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- A firm’s board of directors wants to maximize its profits. If the firm’s manager puts in a high effort, the firm gets a high profit of 9 with probability 80%, but if the manager puts in a low effort, the firm gets a low profit of 4 with probability 80%.
The utility functions of both the board of directors and the manager are identical and are simply u(b)=b. High effort for the manager costs 2. The manager has an outside wage of 1.
Calculate the optimal wage schedule under high and low realized profits.
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- Solve the following problem using an excel spreadsheet. A tobacco company isinterested in hiring a salesperson to promote smoking cigarettes in nightclubs. The position pays a flat salary of $50,000, regardless of sales levels. The firm has two applicants, Predictable Patty and Risky Ricky. Predictable Patty can produce with 100% certainty $100,000 a year in sales. Risky Ricky, on the other hand, can produce $300,000 with probability of 50%. But if he turns out to spend his time drinking and dancing in the nightclubs instead of making sales, he could actually cost the firm -$100,000 per year.a) During their first year on the job, what are the expected sales of Patty and Ricky? What are the firm’s expected profits on each worker?b) Now assume both workers are currently 25, and they will work until the retirement age of 65. The firm has the option to fire its new employee after one year based on sales, but can only hire one employee. Assume that it takes only one year to discover whether…Leo owns one share of Anteras, a semiconductor chip company which may have to recall millions of chips. The stock currently trades at $100/share. Leo believes the probability that they have to recall the chips is 50%. If the chips have to be recalled, the stock price will be cut in half, but otherwise it will remain $100. The expected value of Leo's share is ______ Assume Leo has the utility function, U(X)=√X. The minimum price Leo would accept to sell his share is _______ Leo's risk premium is ________Two employees witness fraud committed in their firm. Each has two pure strategies: to become a whistleblower and report a crime, or not to report a crime. Each employee gets a payoff of 1 if the crime is reported by someone (it does not matter if both or only one employee reports). However, reporting the crime is costly. An employee who reports has to pay the cost of reporting equal to 0.5-0.25*d, where d=1 if the other employee also reports, and d=0 otherwise. Suppose that employees simultaneously decide to report or not. There is a unique mixed strategy Nash equilibrium in this game where each employee reports with the same positive probability less than 1. What is the probability that the crime is reported by at least one employee in such an equilibrium? ________
- A firm wants to maximize its expected profit. The firm must choose the production quantity q. The production cost is C=2q2 . However, the firm is uncertainty about the price consumers will be willing to pay for the product. With probability 75% the consumers will be willing to pay $24 per unit of output q. With probability 25% consumers will only be willing to pay $8. The firm must choose q before it learns if the price will be high or low. a) Compute the quantity q that maximizes the firm’s expected profit. Find the expected profit given this optimal quantity. b) Suppose that a consulting company knows exactly how much consumers are willing to pay. How much would the firm be willing to pay for this information?You have a 50 percent chance of making $0, a 40 percent chance of making $100, and a 10 percent chance of losing $100. Calculate the expected value and variance of the payoff.Suppose the equilibrium price for good quality used cars is $20,000. And the equilibrium price for poor quality used cars is $10,000. Assume a potential used car buyer has imperfect information as to the condition of any given used car. Assume this potential buyer believes the probability a given used car is good quality is .60 and the probability a given used car is low quality is .40. Assume the seller has perfect information on all cars in inventory. If the seller sells the buyer a poor quality car, what is the net-benefit to the seller? a. A net gain of $6,000. b. A net loss of $20,000. c. A net loss of $6,000. d. A net gain of $10,000.
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- Let U(x)= x^(beta/2) denote an agent's utility function, where Beta > 0 is a parameter that defines the agent's attitude towards risk. Consider a gamble that pays a prize X = 10 with probability 0.2, a price X = 50 with probability 0.4 and a price X = 100 with probability 0.4. Compute the agentís expected utility for such gamble and find the value of Beta such that the agentis risk neutral? Suppose B= 1, what is the certainty equivalent of the gamble described above? What is the Arrow-Pratt measure of absolute risk aversion?Apple and Google are interested in hiring a new CEO. Both firms have the same set of final candidates for the CEO position: Indra, Cao, and Virginia. Both firms need to decide who to make a job offer to, and the hiring process is such that they each only make one job offer.If, say, Apple makes a job offer to Indra and Google makes a job offer to one of the other candidates, then Apple’s probability of success in hiring Indra is pIndra. The same is true for Google. If they both make a job offer to Indra, each has probability pIndra/2 of success. It has been estimated that pIndra = 20%, and pCao = pVirginia = 30% (Note that these probabilities need not add up to 100%).Suppose that both Apple and Google attach a valuation of 10 to successfully hiring Indra, and a valuation of 7 to successfully hiring each of the other candidates. A hiring attempt, if unsuccessful, has a valuation of zero. (a) Convert this story into a game by completing the following game table;GoogleIndra Cao…Apple and Google are interested in hiring a new CEO. Both firms have the same set of final candidates for the CEO position: Indra, Cao, and Virginia. Both firms need to decide who to make a job offer to, and the hiring process is such that they each only make one job offer. If, say, Apple makes a job offer to Indra and Google makes a job offer to one of the other candidates, then Apple’s probability of success in hiring Indra is pIndra. The same is true for Google. If they both make a job offer to Indra, each has probability pIndra/2 of success. It has been estimated that pIndra = 20%, and pCao = pVirginia = 30% (Note that these probabilities need not add up to 100%). Suppose that both Apple and Google attach a valuation of 10 to successfully hiring Indra, and a valuation of 7 to successfully hiring each of the other candidates. A hiring attempt, if unsuccessful, has a valuation of zero. Convert this story into a game by completing the following game table; Google…