A good is considered a public good if its benefits are as it is consumed and whose benefits Select one: O a. diminished; cannot be withheld O b. diminished; can be withheld not diminished; are enjoyed by some. O d. not diminished; cannot be withheld O e. not diminished; can be withheld
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- In what ways (it) company investments in research and development create positive externalities?1. Which of the following may not raise money for the government? [A] Power of taxation[B] Police power [C] Power of eminent domain [D] Privatization of government’s capitalassets2. In this power of the State, the person who is parting with his money or property ispresumed to receive a benefit. [A] Taxation [B] Police power [C] Eminent domain [D]Forfeiture power3. (CPA Exam) Police power as distinguished from eminent domain. [A] Just compensationis received by the owner of the property. [B] May be exercised by private individuals. [C]Superior to impairment clause of the Constitution [D] Property is taken by the governmentfor public purposes4. The following are common to the inherent powers of the state, except: [A] They arenecessary attributes of sovereignty [B] They interfere with private rights and property. [C]They affect all persons or public. [D] They are legislative in nature and character.5. The basic principle of taxation which states that taxes must be based on taxpayer’s…(a) Explain the difference between a positive externality and a negative externality and why each result in an equilibrium point that is not optimal for society. (b) which externality results in an equilibrium quantity that is higher than the optimal social quantity of a good? (c) how can the impact of the externality in part b be corrected?
- Which one of the following is a definition of a merit good? A) Services which can only be provided by the government through taxesB) Goods which provide cear social and private benefits to consumersC) A good which can be produced by the market but would likely be under-consumedD) Goods which are beneficial in consumption but consumers are unaware of the extent of the benefitsE) Goods which are not capable of being provided by the market because they are excludable and rival Merit goods are an example of which of the following problems in economics:A) Free riderB) Principal-agentC) Tragedy of the CommonsD) Intertemporal choiceE) Excludable, non-rival goods provision De-merit goods have characteristics that if left the market mechanism, they are over consumed and impose private costs on the individual consume them, and also have wider social costs. Which of the following ways in which a government might seek to reduce consumption of of merit costs? Check all the apply A) Impose…Suppose that you are an economic-policy advisor. Environmental groups are pressuring you toimplement the highest-possible carbon tax, whileindustry groups are pressuring you to implementno carbon tax at all. Both argue that their positionmakes more sense economically. Explain to themwhat the most-efficient tax level will be, and whythere are costs to setting the tax too high or toolowIn 2006, the Australian Government incorporated research into corporate social responsibilities to determineif there is a need to include social and environmental responsibilities within the Corporation Act throughamendment procedure. It was decided not to incorporate a particular regulation through legislation, insteadrely upon the 'market forces' to encourage companies to do the 'right thing'. This viewpoint was expressedthat if companies did not look after the environment or did not act in a socially responsible manner, peoplewould not want to consume the organisations' products. From the equity market perspective, potentialinvestors would not want to invest in the organisations, and further workers wouldn't want to work for them,and so forth. Because companies were aware of such market forces, they would do the 'right thing' even inthe absence of legislation.Requirement:1) Using theories such as Public Interest Theory, Capture Theory and Economic Interest Group Theoryto critically…
- Two towns, each with three residents, are decidingwhether to put on a fireworks display to celebrate theNew Year. Fireworks cost $360. In each town, somepeople enjoy fireworks more than others.a. In the town of Bayport, each of the residentsvalues the public good as follows:Frank $50Joe $100Callie $300Would fireworks pass a cost–benefit analysis?Explain.b. The mayor of Bayport proposes to decide bymajority rule and, if the fireworks referendumpasses, to split the cost equally among allresidents. Who would vote in favor, and whowould vote against? Would the vote yield thesame answer as the cost–benefit analysis?c. In the town of River Heights, each of the residentsvalues the public good as follows:Nancy $20Bess $140Ned $160Would fireworks pass a cost–benefit analysis?Explain.d. The mayor of River Heights also proposes todecide by majority rule and, if the fireworksreferendum passes, to split the cost equallyamong all residents. Who would vote in favor,and who would vote against? Would…Both public good;; and common resources involve b. How can the government solve the problemexternalities. caused by people like Fredo?a. Arc t~ extemalities associated with public goodsgenerally positive or negative? Usc examples in your answer. Is the froe. market quantity of public goods generally greater or Less than the efficientquantity?b. Are the externalities a.;;sociated with commonresources generall)' positive or negative? Uscexamples in your answer. Is the free·market usc ofcommon resources generally g:reatc.r or less thanthe efficient use?a. What type of market failure would you categorize street lights that are not working? b. Base on the question above, discuss why the type of market failure occur. c. Suggest two relevant Government policies that would yeild the efficient outcome and explain the process through which the implementation of the policies will lead to optimal out come.
- What is an external benefit? An external benefit is a benefit that OA. always equals external cost OB. experiences increasing marginal returns C. affects someone other than the buyer of a good OD. is greatest at the equilibrium pointDraw a production possibility frontier. The vertical axis shows theproduction of public sector goods and the horizontal axis showsproduction of private sector goods. The economy is currentlyproducing at point A on the frontier where 50 per cent of allproduction is devoted to public sector goods and 50 per cent toprivate sector goods.(a) Mark the following points on your drawing.(i) Point A.(in) Point B which shows production following the election of agoverment which increases government spending on botheducation and the National Health Service.(ili) Point C where unemployment is present in the economy.(iv) Point D where the government takes over production of allgoods and services in the econory.(b) Draw another diagram putting on it the original productionpossibility Frontier you drew for (a), labelling it AA.(i) Draw a new production possibility frontier on the diagram,labelling it PP, which shows the position after a devastatingwar has hit the economy.(in) Draw another PPF…The three residents of Smallville are consideringa fireworks display. Clark values this public goodat $80; Lana at $50; and Pete (who dislikesfireworks) at −$30. Fireworks cost the town $120,or $40 per person. The efficient outcome is for thetowna. to provide the public good because the medianperson values it more than its cost per person.b. to provide the public good because a majorityof the residents value it more than its cost perperson.c. to provide the public good because the total valueof a majority exceeds the total cost.d. not to provide the public good because the totalvalue of all residents is less than the total cost.