a) If the economy is initially at the WS-PS equilibrium, what happens when there is a sudden increase in the aggregate demand in the economy. b) Use the WS-PS model to graphically derive a set of Philips curves and explain the economic intuition behind the diagram. Provide an explanation of how a situation of deflation could occur. What are you assuming about the real interest rate in the deflationary scenario?
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- Urgentttt!!! Use the IS-LM model to answer this question. Suppose there is a simultaneous increase in government spending and reduction in the money supply. Explain what effect this particular policy mix will have on output and the interest rate. Based on your analysis, do we know with certainty what effect this policy mix will have on investment? Explain.Suppose the economy is initially in its long-run equilibrium. Due to the biased (overestimated) expectation of return, the entrepreneurs overwhelmingly become much more aggressive in investment holding other things equal. a. Use the IS-LM model and AD-AS model to graphically illustrate the impact of the biased expectation in the short run and in the long run. What are the changes in the equilibrium real interest rate, output, and prices? b. If the central bank wants to offset the impact of the biased expectation, what is the appropriate measure? Draw a graph as in part a. for illustration. What are the changes in the equilibrium real interest rate, output, and prices in this case?Calculations with the IS curve: Suppose the parameters of the IS curve are a = 0,b = 3/4, r = 2% and the real interest rate is initially R = 2%. Explain whathappens to short-run output in each of the following scenarios (consider eachseparately):(a) Te real interest rate rises from 2% to 4%.(b) Te real interest rate falls from 2% to 1%.(c) ac increases by 1 percentage point.(d) ag decreases by 2 percentage points.(e) aim decreases by 2 percentage points.
- Suppose that in Macroland the consumption and the investment have a negative relationship withthe real interest rate and positive relationship with Y. The Central Bank of the country targets acertain nominal interest rate and lets the money supply adjust in order to reach that interest rate.a. Draw a graph of the IS-LM model in this situation.b. Suppose that the Central Bank announces an increase of the interest rate in the future.Represent graphically the initial position of IS-LM curves. Then, show the IS-LM curves of thefuture, after the announced increase in the interest rate is implemented. (Assume that the ISis constant.).c. Suppose that agents today take into consideration the resulting income of the future whendeciding the amount of consumption and investment. Show what happens to the IS-LMcurves today after the announcement of the CB (tip: the CB is NOT increasing the nominalinterest rate today).d. The government decides to step in and avoid any deviation of Y from the initial…Consider the classical AS-AD model with misperceptions. Assume that the economy is initially at its general equilibrium. Now, suppose the central bank considers an increase in the nominal money supply that is not anticipated by households or firms. a. How does the misperception theory work? b. Which of the three markets is first affected (labor, goods, or asset market)? Explain and show graphically how this market is affected by an unanticipated increase in the nominal money supply. c. Use the classical version of the AS-AD model with misperceptions to explain and to show graphically how an unanticipated increase in the nominal money supply affects the short-run equilibrium. d. Use the classical version of the AS-AD model with misperceptions to explain and to show graphically how an unanticipated increase in the nominal money supply affects the long-run (general) equilibrium.Assume that investment, government expenditures, taxes are autonomous.C = 2000 + 0.65* (Y-T)I = 900 – 50iG = 400T = 1500M = 1000P = 2L = 0.50Y-25ia.What is the value of the sensitivity money demand to the level of income?b.What is the value of the nominal supply?c.What expression represents the IS curve?d.What is the equilibrium interest rate, i*?e.What is the equilibrium income, Y*?
- a) Which of the following would a classical macroeconomist disagree with? The interest rate is the price of time or productivity of capital Nominals effect nominals Recessions are caused by an over production of all economic goods Prices should be as flexible as possible Effective demand comes from prior supply b) Which of the following is true? The expected costs and returns for holding money are important for estimating the demand of real cash balances The difference between nominal GNP and real GNP is that nominal GNP has been adjusted by a price deflator to account for changes in the value of money (inflation) People in Group 1 receive the inflation tax on their cash-balances Interest is the price of money The real money supply is equal to the nominal money supply divided by the real money supplyAssume that the economy is initially operating at full employment. Analyze the effect ofan increase in the nominal money supply using the IS-LM model. What happens to real output and interest rate in the long-run (what is the new long-runequilibrium)? Explain and show graphically. Consider the following IS-LM model (all amounts are in millions of dollars): C = 50 + 0.6 YD T = 20 G = 300 I = 450 + 0.2 Y - 1500 i Derive the IS equation in the form Y = function (i, ….). The central bank sets an interest rate of 10%. What is the full SR model eqm Y? Use (M/P)d=3Y– 4000i to calculate what the real Ms is at this full SR eqm. Graph this eqm in 3 separate graphs: i-Y, i-(M/P), and Z-Y spaces. You may link these graphs up or leave them separate. Suppose Congress decides to decrease G from 300 to 295, cet. par. Provide a specific $ amount for the new eqm Y. Show this “shock,” with its appropriate name, in the 3 graphs of part b. above. Present and discuss all changes in all components of IS and LM using…
- i neeed it in word form.. not handwrittten Explain, with the aid of three separate IS-LM-FE diagrams, how a decrease in government purchases will affect real output, real interest rate and the general price level in three steps:(i) before the general price level adjusts;(ii) when the general price level is adjusting;(iii) after the price adjustment process is completed.Is the general price level increasing or decreasing during the price adjustment process? Explain the intuition of your answer with reference to the AD-AS framework.Suppose in the real business cycle model that there is a simultaneous temporary increase inboth current government spending and in the current money supply. Draw diagrams for thelabour, goods and money market, and the production function. Determine the equilibriumeffects of these two shocks occurring simultaneously on employment, output, consumption,investment, money, real wages, the real interest rate, and the price level. Provide a detailedeconomic analysis explaining your results with the aid of the diagrams.In the IS curve: y = ̄a − ̄b(r − ̄r) Suppose the parameters are ̄a = 0, ̄b = 1/2, ̄r = 2% and the interest rate isinitially r = 3%. Explain what happens to the short-run output gap in each ofthe following scenarios (consider each separately): 1. The real interest rate rises from 3% to 5%;2. The real interest rate falls from 3% to 2%;3. ̄ac decreases by 1.5 percentage points;4. ̄ag increases by 2 percentage points;