A market comprises two consumers groups: high- demand types and low-demand types. Assume there are 100 consumers of each type. The high types have demand QH = 14 - Pand low types have demand QL = 12 – P. Assume the marginal (and average) cost is 4 and there are no fixed costs. If the monopolist firm is able to distinguish between the two consumer types and using block pricing to extract maximum profit, how much profit will they earn in total? |
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A: Q=423-2P2P=423-QP=423-Q2P=211.5-Q2Now,TR=P×QTR=(211.5-Q2)QTR=211.5Q-Q22Thus,MR=∂TR∂QMR=211.5-Q
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- Consider any market that has a demand curve given by: Qd = 240 - 2P. Where Qd is the total quantity demanded in the market, given in millions of units and P is the market price, calculated in monetary units. Imagine that there are 2 Cournot oligopolists operating in this market with Cmg = CVme = 15 and fixed monthly costs equal to 1,400. About this market, ask yourself: a) What is the profit of each of the oligopolists? b) Imagine that one of the companies managed to implement a process innovation capable of halving its Cmg and CVme, so that they would go from 15 to 7.5. This investment implies an additional monthly expense of $1,800. Discuss the statement: "If this situation occurs, the innovative company will not implement variable cost reduction, as the quantity supplied in the market will increase very little; prices will remain very close to what they are today and its profits will not increase"Suppose both a monopolist and a perfectly competitive firm are producing in theirrespective markets at a point where marginal cost is $8 and marginal revenue is $10. Whatshould the profit-maximizing firms do? Group of answer choices Both the monopolist and the perfectly competitive firm should increase output until MC= MR. The monopolist should keep producing at this level but the perfectly competitive firmshould decrease output until MC = MR. The monopolist should increase output but the perfectly competitive firm should shutdown. Both the monopolist and the perfectly competitive firm should decrease output until MC= MR.Suppose a monopolist faces two groups of consumers. Group 1 has a demand given by P1=50-2Q1 and MR1=50-4Q1. Group 2 has a demand given by P2=40-Q2 and MR2=40-2Q2. The monopolist faces MC=AVC=ATC=$10 regardless of which group he supplies to. We can infer from the demand equations that Group ___ is the inelastic group because the demand is ____ than that of the other group. a. 2; flatter b. 2; steeper c. 1; steeper d. 1; flatter
- Part A Suppose that the monopolist can produce a good with total cost TC = 24Q. Assume also that hemonopolist sells its goods in two different markets separated by some distance. The demand curves inthe first market and the second market are given by Q1 = 120 - P1/2 and Q2 = 360 - 3P2. If themonopolist can maintain the separation between the two markets, what level of output should beproduced in each market, and what price will prevail in cach market? Why are the two prices different?Verify the Lemer Index for cach market. Part B Suppose a monopoly faces a demand curve by Q = 154 - P/3. The monopolist has two plants. The firsthas a total cost function given by TC1, = 3Q21 and the second plant's total cost function is given byTC2 = 2Q22 How much total output will the monopoly choose to produce and how will it distributethis production between its two factories in order to maximize profits? Find monopolist's profits.Consider any market that has a demand curve given by: Qd = 240 - 2P. Where Qd is the total quantity demanded in the market, given in millions of units and P is the market price, calculated in monetary units. Imagine that there are 2 Cournot oligopolists operating in this market with Cmg = CVme = 15 and fixed monthly costs equal to 1,400. About this market, ask yourself: a) What is the reaction curve of oligopolists? b) What will be the production of each of the companies? c) What is the selling price practiced by oligopolists? d) What is the profit of each of the oligopolists? e) Imagine that one of the companies managed to implement a process innovation capable of halving its Cmg and CVme, so that they would go from 15 to 7.5. This investment implies an additional monthly expense of $1,800. Discuss the statement: "If this situation occurs, the innovative company will not implement variable cost reduction, as the quantity supplied in the market will increase very little; prices will…Suppose a monopoly market has a demand function in whichquantity demanded depends not only on market price (P) butalso on the amount of advertising the firm does (A, measuredin dollars). The specific form of this function isQ =(20 - P2) (1 + 0.1A - 0.01A2).The monopolistic firm’s cost function is given byC = 10Q + 15 + A.a. Suppose there is no advertising (A = 0). What outputwill the profit-maximizing firm choose? What market price will this yield? What will be the monopoly’sprofits?b. Now let the firm also choose its optimal level of advertising expenditure. In this situation, what output levelwill be chosen? What price will this yield? What will thelevel of advertising be? What are the firm’s profits in thiscase? Hint: This can be worked out most easily by assuming the monopoly chooses the profit-maximizing pricerather than quantity.
- Consider any market that has a demand curve given by: Qd = 125 - 0.4P. Being the total quantity demanded in the market, given the quantity in millions of units and the market price, calculated in monetary units. Imagine that there are 2 Cournot oligopolists operating in this market that have Cmg = CVme = 2. About this market, the question is: a) What is the reaction curvature of the oligopolists? b) What will be the production of each of the companies? c) What is the sale price for oligopolists?Consider the optimal pricing policy of a monopolist selling information goods. There are three types of consumers, and there is one consumer of each type. The monopolist knows that there arethree types of consumers and the valuations of each type (i.e. the tables below), but cannot tell to which type a consumer belongs (so that personalised pricing is impossible). As the products are information goods, marginal costs are zero, and fixed costs are already sunk. Assume throughout that, when a player is indifferent, she will choose the higher-priced version.The monopolist can offer up to three versions (versions X, Y and Z) of the information good. The three types of consumers have valuations for the different versions as given in the following table: Version x Version Y Version z 1 consumer: 70 120 130 2 consumer: 140 140 200 3 consumer: 170 180 250 (I.e.: If the type 1 consumer is charged a price of 60 for version X and a price of 100 for version Y, the consumer will…Consider the optimal pricing policy of a monopolist selling information goods. There are three types of consumers, and there is one consumer of each type. The monopolist knows that there arethree types of consumers and the valuations of each type (i.e. the tables below), but cannot tell to which type a consumer belongs (so that personalised pricing is impossible). As the products are information goods, marginal costs are zero, and fixed costs are already sunk. Assume throughout that, when a player is indifferent, she will choose the higher-priced bundle. There are three basic goods (products A, B and C), and the monopolist can choose which bundles of goods they want to offer, and the price of these bundles. The three types of consumers have valuations for the different products as given in the following table: (I.e.: If consumers are charged a price of 5 for product A, the type 1 consumer would buy this product as she achieves a surplus of 10 – 5 = 5. If, in addition, the consumers…
- Are the following questions true or false? (A). A profit‐maximizing monopolist will produce output where marginal cost is equal to price(B). Suppose we know that a monopolist is maximizing profits. The monopolist has maximizedthe difference between marginal revenue and marginal cost.(C) In perfect competition, MUX = PX is the condition that ensures that firms produce the rightthings.(D). A monopoly earns total revenue of $5000 when it sells 500 units of output and totalrevenue of $5400 when it sells 600 units of output. Thus, the marginal revenue of the600th unit is $9.(E). We call a market where there is only one buyer for a good or service a monopoly.(F). There are a few firms selling differentiated products in a monopolistically competitiveindustry.(G). When a demand curve is a downward sloping straight line, the slope of the marginalrevenue curve is twice as steep as the demand curve.(H). The monopolistʹs profit-maximizing price will be above marginal cost, because at the…Many schemes for price discrintination involve somecosL For example, discount coupons take up the timeand resources of both the buyer and the seller. Thisquestion considers the implications of costly pricediscrimination. To keep things simple, let's assumethat our monopolist's production costs arc simplyproportional to output so that average total cost andmarginal cost arc constant and equal to each other.CHAPTER 15 MONOPOLY 317a. Draw the cost., demand, and marginal-revenuecurves for the monopolist. Show the pricethe monopolist would charge without pricediscrimination.b. ln your diagram, mark the area equal to the mernopolist's prolit and call it X. Mark the area equalto consumer surplus and call it Y. Mark the areaequal to the deadweight loss and call it Z.c. Now suppose that the monopolist can perfectlyprice discriminate. What is the monopolist'sprofit? (Give your answer in terms of X, Y, and Z.)d. What is the change in the monopolist's prolit fromprice discrimination? What is the…A social cost is applied to the monopolist market structure. Why does thisoccur? If the gains producers achieve from being a monopolist are provided toconsumers, would the social cost of the monopolist be eliminated?