A minimum-cost flow problem has 6 supply nodes, 4 transshipment nodes, and 6 demand nodes. Each supply node can ship to each transshipment node but cannot ship to any demand node or to any other supply node. Each transshipment node can ship to each demand node, but cannot ship to any supply node or to any other transshipment node. How many arcs will be included in the model? Number of arcs
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- Compare two versions of the two-period depletable resource model that differ only in the treatment of marginal extraction cost. Assume that in the second version the constant marginal extraction cost is lower in the second period than the first (perhaps due to the anticipated arrival of a new, superior extraction technology). The constant marginal extraction cost is the same in both periods in the first version and is equal to the marginal extraction cost in the first period of the second version. In a dynamic efficient allocation, how would the extraction profile in the second version differ from the first? Would relatively more or less be allocated to the second period in the second version than in the first version? Would the marginal user cost be higher or lower in the second version? Why?CConsider this situation faced by a first-semester senior in civil engineering who is exhausted from extensive job interviewing and penniless from excessive partying. Mary’s impulse is to accept immediately a highly attractive job offer to work in her brother’s successful manufacturing company. She would then be able to relax for a year or two, save some money, and then return to college to complete her senior year and graduate. Mary is cautious about this impulsive desire, because it may lead to no college degree at all! a. Develop at least two formulations for Mary’s problem. b. Identify feasible solutions for each problem formulation in Part (a). Be creative!This is not a writing assignment, this is a multiple-choice ques Of the statements below regarding China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) all are correct EXCEPT for this one. Please identify the INCORRECT STATEMENT and mark it as your correct answer choice. Group of answer choices With the Belt and Road Initiative China makes available funds to less developed economies for infrastructural purposes. These funds are gifts that do not have to be repaid, and they are interest-free. Moreover, China makes these gifts with only the best interest of the recipient economy in focus and does not expect or receive anything in return for these funds. The Belt and Road Initiative loans extended by China are welcomed by many the leaders of less developed economies because they are easier to get than the World Bank infrastructure loans, require no accountability regarding how the funds are used and are accompanied by generous bribes for the leaders of these economies. With the Belt and Road…
- List the chief advantages and shortcomings of using breakeven analysis in pricing decisions. Breakeven analysis is a means of determining the number of goods or services that must be sold at a given price to generate revenue sufficient for covering total costs. It is easily understood by managers and may help them decide whether required sales levels for a certain price are realistic goals. Its shortcomings are as follows. First, the model assumes cost can be divided into fixed and variable categories and ignores the problems of arbitrarily making some allocations. Second, it assumes that per-unit variable costs do not change at different levels of operation, ignoring the possibility of quantity discounts, more efficient use of the workforce, and other possible economies. Third, the basic breakeven model does not consider demand. It is a cost-based model and fails to directly address the crucial question of whether consumers will actually purchase the product at the specified price and…Consider a non-renewable natural resource with a per period demand curve of P=40-.5q and amarginal cost of extraction of 4. Use this information to answer the following questions about the two-period model.a. If we have a 25% discount rate and 150 total units of natural resources, what is the optimal amount ofextraction in each period?b. What are the net benefits of extraction in each period? (Hint: Consider total net benefits, not justmarginal net benefits. It will be helpful to draw a graph.)c. Now imagine we have a 0% discount rate and 100 total units of natural resources. What is thedynamically efficient amount of extraction in each period?d. If the discount rate increases to 20%, but we still have 100 total units of natural resources, what is thedynamically efficient amount of extraction in each period.e. Graph the extraction quantities here on 3 axes, with the per period quantities on the horizontal.Explain how RPM can be used to increase retailer demand for inventories and thereby increase manufacturer profit. Explain whether profitable RPM can either increase or decrease welfare and how this depends on the variation in demand. Use diagrams and verbal explanation to explain your answer. Demonstrate the profit and welfare consequences of RPM by solving the 'RPM and Inventories Model' model done in class for the parameter value indicated below. RPM and Inventories Model Manufacturer MC = 0, Dealer MC = 0, Low and high demand are equally likely Low demand: qL = 1 - pL, High demand: qH = S(1 - pH) Parameter value: S = 4
- Suppose the market demand curve for a non-renewable resource is given by: Q=2000-40P. Consider a finite-period model. Which of the following are true? Suppose the marginal cost of extraction is constantly at 40. Suppose the risk-free interest rate is 10% Select all correct answers. a. When there is plenty of this resource, the marginal user cost can be zero in all periods on the optimal extraction path. b. If marginal user cost is 2 in a given period on the optimal path, the marginal user cost should be 2.2 in the previous period c. The dynamically efficient extraction quantity is 400 per period until the resource is exhausted. d. When 200 units are exhausted in a given period, the marginal user cost is 5.This question provides another chance to practice implementing the 4-step approaching to analyzing shifts in supply and demand. In order to receive full credit on this Problem Set, you must answer this question completely correctly. If your answer to this question is not completely correct, you cannot earn more than half credit on this problem set. With the onset of the coronavirus pandemic, many people became fearful of going to restaurants for full-service, sit-down meals. Did the fear of eating in restaurants represent an increase in demand for restaurant meals, a decrease in demand for restaurant meals, an increase in supply of restaurant meals, or a decrease in supply of restaurant meals? Based on your answer to part a, does the fear of eating in restaurants create a shortage of restaurant meals or does it create a surplus of restaurant meals? Based on your answer to part b., will the equilibrium price of restaurant meals go up or will the equilibrium price of…the following mundell-fleming model of a small, open economy will be used in all numerical exercises. it assumes a short-run framework in which prices are constant and output is demand-determined. c=150+0.8(y-t) i=500-30r nx=400-150e m/p=50+y-60r r=5 g=300 t=100 m=3000 p=3 the above values of exogenous variables will be referred to as their original values in the questions below. for this question, assume that the exchange rate is floating. derive the equilibrium equations for is* and lm*, sketch a graph of the two equations and solve for the equilibrium values of y, e and nx.
- the following mundell-fleming model of a small, open economy will be used in all numerical exercises. it assumes a short-run framework in which prices are constant and output is demand-determined. c=150+0.8(y-t) i=500-30r nx=400-150e m/p=50+y-60r r=5 g=300 t=100 m=3000 p=3 the above values of exogenous variables will be referred to as their original values in the questions below. for this question, assume that the exchange rate is floating. derive the equilibrium equations for is* and lm*, sketch a graph of the two equations and solve for the equilibrium values of y, e and nx. b)Suppose the Treasury attempts to stimulate the economy by decreasing taxes T from 100 to 70. Calculate the new values of Y, e and NX. With the help of the graph you sketched in (a), explain the mechanism by which a new equilibrium is reached. answer part bthe following mundell-fleming model of a small, open economy will be used in all numerical exercises. it assumes a short-run framework in which prices are constant and output is demand-determined. c=150+0.8(y-t) i=500-30r nx=400-150e m/p=50+y-60r r=5 g=300 t=100 m=3000 p=3 the above values of exogenous variables will be referred to as their original values in the questions below. for this question, assume that the exchange rate is floating. Suppose the Treasury attempts to stimulate the economy by decreasing taxes T from 100 to 70. Calculate the new values of Y, e and NX. With the help of the graph you sketched in (a), explain the mechanism by which a new equilibrium is reached.Case: As part of the most recent collective bargaining agreement with employees, an employer must offer medical insurance at "reasonable, non-profit rates." The employer plans to self-insure in place of using a private insurance company. Statistical evidence suggests that the average household currently spends $450 per year for medical bills and $80 for health screening and routine check-ups. Administrative costs are expected to average $30 per family. The collective bargaining agreement dictates that the plan's coverages and rates be fixed for a period of two years. The auditor considers the choice of the plan to be extremely important. Consequently, the auditor has asked you to evaluate the three proposals listed below. Proposal A would charge a $350 premium with no deductible. Coverage is extended to pre-existing conditions, but to cover the non-deductible clause, health screening and routine check-ups are not covered. Proposal B charges a $250 premium with a $200…