Which of the following is true regarding line-item budgets? a. Line-item budgets refer to to budgets that authorize the manager to spend only up to the specified amount on each line item b. Line-item budgets reduce agency problems C. All of the answers are correct d. Line-item budgets reduce possible managerial opportunism and are prevalent in governments
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- The bill includes $130 billion to allow for a return to full-time, in-person teaching at K-12 schools. assistance to small busines, landlords and renters: 30 Billion Obomacare Expansion: 34.2 Billion Child Tax Credit Boost: 110 Billion Vaccine Distribution: 160 Billion school credit: 1 Billion Coronavirus Preparedness and response supplemental appropriation act: 8.3 Billion Families first coronavirus reposne act 225 billion paycheck protection program: 483 Billion Consolidated appropriations act: 920 Billion So we just had one of biggest (if not THE biggest) actions of Fiscal Policy. Now using the Agg Model, you will explain what is happening now... First, prepare a graphic representation off the economy before the Biden Covid Bill. In the space below, insert the names for X and Y axis, graph LRAS and SRAS and AD line, and identify/label equilibrium. Be sure to identity whether the economy is at equilibrium, in expansion or in recession.Q 47: Discuss the limitations faced in implementing gender budgeting in India. Note:- Do not provide handwritten solution. Maintain accuracy and quality in your answer. Take care of plagiarism. Answer completely. You will get up vote for sure.Budgeting and financial management are at the core of economic and public sector program in most nation. The Malaysian government budget theme for 2019 is "Credible Malaysian,dynamic economy, prosperous rakyat", focuses on institutional reforms,the people's wellbeing and promotion of entrepreneurial culture. (a) There are FOUR (4) types of budgeting system in public sector. Explain. i) Modified Budgeting System (MBB) ii) Traditional Budgeting System (TBS) iii) Outcome Based Budgeting (OBB) iv) Program and Performance Budgeting System (PPBS) (b) Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the above FOUR (4) budgeting systems. (c) The Malaysian government aims to reduce the deficit in budget due to expenditure commitment by the previous administration (Star, 2 Nov 2018). Recommend THREE (3) initiatives to the government on how to tackle the problem.
- One of the basic functions of budgeting process is delegating authority streamlining expenditures evaluating managerial performance implementing structural change in a company All of the aboveSuppose that the government feels sad for athletes and decides to subsidize retired athletes when they’re old. This can’t be free! In order to pay athletes the subsidy G in period 2, the government taxes everyone the amount T in period 1. Note that you pay this whether you go pro or not. Furthermore, the government balances its budget such that G=T. 8. Derive the new intertemporal budget constraints for the pro and non-pro cases in terms of r, C, Y, S, and T. 9. Briefly and intuitively, are you more or less likely to go pro under this government policy, and why? If you are an athlete, how much of your tax T will the government eventually ‘return’ to you?Controls are the measures that governments put in place to deal with overspending Select one: • True • False If the tone at the top is successful adopted, then there is a high risk of unethical behaviour. Select one: • True O False An incremental budget is a type of budget that is prepared through the subtraction of capital from a previous period's budget Select one: • True • False The two main categories of government revenue are: a. Income from Public Secior Bodies and Dividends. b. Revenue Receipts and Capital Receipts c. Tax Revenue and Income from loans d. Direct Taxes and Indirect Taxes
- explain the four (4) ambitious targets Open Budget Survey sets to achieve open budgets within five years.A decrease in people's disposable income OA. increases investment demand. B. increases consumption. OC. decreases saving. O D. increases saving and decrease consumption. OE. increases saving. Note:- Please avoid using ChatGPT and refrain from providing handwritten solutions; otherwise, I will definitely give a downvote. Also, be mindful of plagiarism.Answer completely and accurate answer.Rest assured, you will receive an upvote if the answer is accurate.3.Minimizing costs implies that which of the following conditions are true? (check all that apply) a. MPL/w=MPK/r b. Q=wL+rK c. MPL=w d. MPK=r e. MRTS=w/r
- One of these is NOT TRUE about Cost-utility analysis: a. It measures outcomes in Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY), and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) b. Cost is measured in monetary units c. The limitation of this analysis is that it is difficult to compare the interventions with differing natural effects d. It is used to make policy level decisionsCritics of command-and-control policy often argue that regulationsare costly to business and industry, yet cost-benefitanalyses (p. 94) repeatedly show that regulations bring citizensmore benefits than costs, overall. Each year the U.S. Officeof Management and Budget assesses costs and benefits ofmajor federal regulations of administrative agencies. Resultsfrom the most recent report, covering the decade from 2003to 2013, are presented in the table (shown are averages fromranges of estimates). Subtract costs from benefits, and enterthese values for each agency in the third column. Divide benefitsby costs, and enter these values in the fourth column. For how many of the agencies shown do regulations exertmore costs than benefits? For how many do regulationsprovide more benefits than costs?Critics of command-and-control policy often argue that regulationsare costly to business and industry, yet cost-benefitanalyses (p. 94) repeatedly show that regulations bring citizensmore benefits than costs, overall. Each year the U.S. Officeof Management and Budget assesses costs and benefits ofmajor federal regulations of administrative agencies. Resultsfrom the most recent report, covering the decade from 2003to 2013, are presented in the table (shown are averages fromranges of estimates). Subtract costs from benefits, and enterthese values for each agency in the third column. Divide benefitsby costs, and enter these values in the fourth column. What percentage of total benefits from regulations comesfrom EPA regulations? Most of the benefits and costs fromEPA regulations are from air pollution rules resulting fromthe Clean Air Act and its amendments. Judging solely bythese data, would you say that Clean Air Act legislationhas been a success or a failure for U.S. citizens? Why?