A population of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria Yellow bacteria are killed by methicillin, while red bacteria are genetically resistant. Treatment with the antibiotic methicillin is represented by a kitchen strainer. Many generations later Methicillin-resistant bacteria S. aureus (MRSA) survives and reproduces over time.

A population of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria Yellow bacteria are killed by methicillin, while red bacteria are genetically resistant. Treatment with the antibiotic methicillin is represented by a kitchen strainer. Many generations later Methicillin-resistant bacteria S. aureus (MRSA) survives and reproduces over time.

Body Structures & Functions Updated

13th Edition

ISBN:9780357191606

Author:Scott

Publisher:Scott

Chapter16: Infection Control And Standard Precautions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5ATC

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Within the light organ, bacteria are protected and nourished, and rapidly increase in number. At night, theyprovide the light needed for counterillumination. But by dawn, as the squid prepares to hide in the sand forthe day, it ejects about 95% of the bacteria from the light organ. a) Write a possible explanation for why eliminating 95% of the bacteria present in the light organ isnecessary. b) Once the light organ is colonized, the squid no longer takes in Vibrio fischeri or other bacteria from theenvironment. Explain how a sufficiently large population of bacteria can be maintained in the light organto produce light.
A pathogenic bacterium’s toxin causes symptoms thatincrease the bacterium’s chance of spreading from hostto host. Does this information indicate whether thepoison is an exotoxin or endotoxin? Explain.
A 4-month-old infant had been running a moderate fever for36 hours, and a nervous mother made a call to her pediatrician.Examination and tests revealed no outward signsof infection or cause of the fever. The anxious mother wanteda prescription for antibiotics, but the pediatrician recommendedwatching the infant for two days before making a decision. Heexplained that decades of rampant use of antibiotics in medicineand agriculture has caused a global surge in antibiotic-resistantbacteria, drastically reducing the effectiveness of antibiotic therapyfor infections. He pointed out that bacteria can exchange antibioticresistance traits and that many pathogenic strains are nowresistant to several antibiotics. The mother was not placatedbythese explanations and insisted that her baby receive antibioticsimmediately. This situation raises several issues. If you were an anxious parent of the patient, would it change your mind if you learned that a woman died in 2016 from a bacterial infection…
A 4-month-old infant had been running a moderate fever for36 hours, and a nervous mother made a call to her pediatrician.Examination and tests revealed no outward signsof infection or cause of the fever. The anxious mother wanteda prescription for antibiotics, but the pediatrician recommendedwatching the infant for two days before making a decision. Heexplained that decades of rampant use of antibiotics in medicineand agriculture has caused a global surge in antibiotic-resistantbacteria, drastically reducing the effectiveness of antibiotic therapyfor infections. He pointed out that bacteria can exchange antibioticresistance traits and that many pathogenic strains are nowresistant to several antibiotics. The mother was not placatedbythese explanations and insisted that her baby receive antibioticsimmediately. This situation raises several issues. How should the pediatrician balance his ethical responsibility to provide effective treatment to the present patient with his ethical…
A 4-month-old infant had been running a moderate fever for36 hours, and a nervous mother made a call to her pediatrician.Examination and tests revealed no outward signsof infection or cause of the fever. The anxious mother wanteda prescription for antibiotics, but the pediatrician recommendedwatching the infant for two days before making a decision. Heexplained that decades of rampant use of antibiotics in medicineand agriculture has caused a global surge in antibiotic-resistantbacteria, drastically reducing the effectiveness of antibiotic therapyfor infections. He pointed out that bacteria can exchange antibioticresistance traits and that many pathogenic strains are nowresistant to several antibiotics. The mother was not placatedbythese explanations and insisted that her baby receive antibioticsimmediately. This situation raises several issues. If the infant was given antibiotics, how might this have contributed to the production of resistant bacteria?
Hookworms, parasitic nematodes transmitted through contact between bare feet and soil,infect nearly a half billion people. In the small SE Asian nation of Timor-Leste, infection rates insome regions approach 70%, and the resulting anemia from these infections has a serious impacton quality of life. Health officials are concerned by a recent rise in Ivermectin-resistant cases inthe isolated enclave of Oecussi, and are worried about these drug resistance genes spreading tothe capital Dili, 165 km away. You genotype diploid female hookworms, Ancylostoma ceylanicum,from 100 patients in each location for a neutral locus with two alleles A1 & A2.You find the following genotypic count data: A1/A1 A1/A2 A2/A2 Oecussi 36 48 16 Dili 9 42 3a. Use these data to calculate FST between these two populations. 3b. Assuming that these two populations are in drift/migration equilibrium, what is the effectivenumber of migrants moving between them each generation
The extensive use of antibiotics as well as gene transfer hasled to more virulent, antibiotic-resistant strains of all of thefollowing organisms except:(a) Streptococcus pneumoniae(b) Staphylococcus aureus(c) Enterococci(d) Influenza(e) Escherichia coli
Describe the lines of proof Robert Koch used to definitivelyassociate the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis with thedisease tuberculosis. How would his proof have been flawedif any of the tools he developed for studying bacterialdiseases had not been available for his study of tuberculosis?
Suppose you spilled two cultures of Salmonella typhimur-ium (each containing 100,000 cells) on your lab bench. You im-mediately applied the same disinfectant to both cultures at thesame time. One culture had been freshly grown for 36 hours andthe other culture is 2 weeks old. If the kill ing rate of the disin-fectant is 90% per minute, do you think that microbes in bothcultures will be completely killed after 6 minutes? Why or whynot?
What risk would a spore-forming bacterial speciesrun if it did not produce any spores until conditionsbecame adverse?
A4-month-old infant had been running a moderate fever for36 hours, and a nervous mother made a call to her pediatrician.Examination and tests revealed no outward signs of infectionor cause of the fever. The anxious mother wanted a prescription for antibiotics, but the pediatrician recommended watching the infant for two days before making a decision. He explained that decades of rampant use of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture has caused a global surge in antibiotic-resistant bacteria, drastically reducing the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy for infections. He pointed out that bacteria can exchange antibiotic resistance traits and that many pathogenic strains are now resistant to several antibiotics. The mother wasnot placated by these explanations and insisted that her baby receive antibiotics immediately. This situation raises several issues. Question How should the pediatrician balance his ethical responsibility to provide effective treatment to the present patient with…
A4-month-old infant had been running a moderate fever for36 hours, and a nervous mother made a call to her pediatrician.Examination and tests revealed no outward signs of infectionor cause of the fever. The anxious mother wanted a prescription for antibiotics, but the pediatrician recommended watching the infant for two days before making a decision. He explained that decades of rampant use of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture has caused a global surge in antibiotic-resistant bacteria, drastically reducing the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy for infections. He pointed out that bacteria can exchange antibiotic resistance traits and that many pathogenic strains are now resistant to several antibiotics. The mother wasnot placated by these explanations and insisted that her baby receive antibiotics immediately. This situation raises several issues. Question: If the infant was given antibiotics, how might this have contributed to the production of resistant bacteria?