A random sample of 140 employees in a textiles manufacturing company was chosen in order to determine their retirement plan after age 65. Those selected in the sample were divided into management and production. The results were: Plans after Age 65 __________________________________________________________________ Employee Retire (R) Not Retire (N) Total __________________________________________________________________ Management (M) 70 20 90 Production (P) 32 18 50 Total 102 38 140 ______________________________________________________________ that the employee does not plan to retire given that he/she is a production employee.

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Types of Bias

Statistics is the study of data collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation. Statistical bias is a characteristic of a statistical technique or its findings in which the expected value deviates from the actual root quantitative parameter being estimated. According to the actual definition of bias, it refers to the tendency of a statistic to overestimate or underestimate a parameter.