A small clinical pilot study was conducted by a reattach team from Harvard Medical School and the School of Public Health. Fifteen individuals in the early stages of Multiple Sclerosis were fed bovine myelin, a substance containing two antigens thought to be the target of the immune system's attack in Multiple
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- Do well-rounded people get fewer colds? A study on the Chronicle of Higher Education was conducted by scientist at Carnegie Mellon University, the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Virginia. They found that people who have only a few social outlets get more colds than those who are involved in a variety of social activities. Suppose that of the 276 healthy men and women tested, n1=96 had only a few social outlets and n2=105 were busy with six or more activities. When these people were exposed to a cold virus, the following results were observed: Construct a 99% confidence interval for the difference in the two population proportions.A graduate student realized that the depression study above in Question 4 should have had a placebo condition in which a third group was given a pill just as the people in the Drug condition were, but where the pill was not Drug D (e.g., a sugar pill). So she designed a new experiment with three conditions -- Drug, No Drug, and Placebo. To perform the experiment, the graduate student randomly assigned 18 people into the three groups so that each group has 6 people. After one month of treatment, all 18 people were asked to rate on a scale from 1 to 7 how depressed they felt, where 1 = not depressed at all and 7 = very depressed. The following are the data: Drug No Drug Placebo 2 4 5 3 5 5 4 5 6 4 4 5 2 6 4 3 6 5 nD = 6 nND = 6 nplacebo = 6 MD = 3 MND = 5 Mplacebo = 5 Using an α-level of .05, perform an…A company manufactures cell phone chargers. In August, a random sample of 200 chargers were inspected, and 3 were found to be defective. The company manufactured 14,600 cell phone chargers in August. Based on the results from the sample, about how many cell phone chargers are expected to be defective out of all the chargers produced in August?
- In a study of pain relievers, 25 people were given product A, and all but 6 experienced relief. In the same study 100 people were given product B, and all but 18 experienced relief. Product ? performed worse in the study because ?% failed to get relief with this product, whereas only ?% failed to get relief with Product ?In a recent study of a random sample of 113 people, 92 reported dreaming in color. In the 1940’s, the proportion of people who reported dreaming in color was 29%. Is there evidence to show that the proportion of people who dream in color is different than the proportion in the 1940’s? What is the critical value for this hypothesis test? In a recent study of a random sample of 113 people, 92 reported dreaming in color. In the 1940’s, the proportion of people who reported dreaming in color was 29%. Is there evidence to show that the proportion of people who dream in color is different than the proportion in the 1940’s? What is the critical value for this hypothesis test? \pm1.96±1.96 \pm1.645±1.645 \pm2.575±2.575 \pm2.05±2.05 \pm2.33±2.33A researcher conducted a medical study to investigate whether taking a low-dose aspirin reduces the chance of developing colon cancer. As part of the study, 1,000 adult volunteers were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Half of the volunteers were assigned to the experimental group that took a low-dose aspirin each day, and the other half were assigned to the control group that took a placebo each day. At the end of six years, 15 of the people who took the low-dose aspirin had developed colon cancer and 26 of the people who took the placebo had developed colon cancer. At the significance level α = 0.05, do the data provide convincing statistical evidence that taking a low-dose aspirin each day would reduce the chance of developing colon cancer among all people similar to the volunteers?
- The following data are taken from an experiment in which the subjects were tested for motion sickness. Thesubjects were randomly assigned to either the control group which was given a placebo or the experimentalgroup which was given the drug Astemizole and observed on an ocean voyage. The same subjects were thenswitched and those that had the placebo were now given the drug, and those that had the drug were nowgiven a placebo and observed on a new ocean voyage taking the same course. The results are the number ofhead movements that the subjects could endure without becoming nauseous. Use α = 0.05 to test the claimthat Astemizole is effective, i.e. it takes a larger number of head movements before the subject getsnauseous.Control 19 45 36 42 38 31 30 40 41 35Drug 20 55 36 45 40 32 41 38 44 29 1) State the hypotheses and identify the claim. Group 1 is the Control group. 2)Find the test statistic and Find the p-value. 3)Make the decision and Summarize the results.A local dairy conducted taste tests of their nonfat and low fat cream cheese spreads at three supermarkets on one Saturday. They asked people to compare a cracker with their low fat spread on it and another cracker with the nationally known brand of the same type of spread. At one supermarket, everyone who came to the testing table, located just inside by the front door, and asked to participate was included. At a second market, only people who appeared to be older teenagers and adults were allowed to participate. The testing table was in the section of the store where paper goods are sold. At the third store, the testing table was in the dairy section and everyone who was asked to participate was included. However, they ran out of one of the products and had to stop the test three hours earlier than they planned. The table below shows how many people were tested at each location and their stated preferences Store A Store B Store C Number tasters = 258Number preferring local brand…A pharmaceutical company claims that after the clinical trials, it will release the first-ever cure for COVID-19. If they have committed an error of judgement, which type of error would they rather have, Type I or Type II? Why?
- a) The county supervisor of Orange County with over 3 million adults wants to know what percentage of adults in the county currently have Covid-19 antibodies in their systems (blood). Of the following methods, and considering each participant will receive a $100 Amazon gift card for participating, which is the most appropriate way to collect samples? (i) Conduct a census by testing the blood of every adult in the county. (ii) Place a notice on social media platforms asking adults to volunteer to have their blood tested. (iii) Select a random sample of adults with KAISER health insurance and ask each if they would have their blood tested. (iv) Select a random sample of adults using cell phone and home phone records and ask each if they would have their blood tested. b) With the context from above in mind, explain which sampling method would be best, a Stratified Method using cities as the strata, or a Cluster Method using age groups (18-24, 25-29, ...) as the clusters?A disgruntled employee of a prominent delivery company in Baltimore County is accused of adding water into the fuel tanks of a large fleet of delivery vehicles. The manager asked the guard who observed the act to walk the parking lot with him to identify a sample of vehicles closer to the guards' booth. Upon returning to his office, the manager figured that since all the vehicles were of the same color, same engine size, and were on an inventory purchased and delivered just about the same year when all the previously existing vehicles were sold away, the decision to include the entire fleet for testing prior to filing the police report. The vehicles inventory could be described as . . .Aronson and Mills (1959) conducted an experiment to see whether people's liking for a group is influenced by the severity of initiation. They reasoned that when people willingly undergo a severe initiation to become members of a group, they are motivated to think that the group membership must be worthwhile. Otherwise, they would experience cognitive dissonance: Why put up with severe initiation for the sake of a group membership that is worthless? In their experiment, participants were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: Group 1 (control) had no initiation. Group 2 (mild) had a mildly embarrassing initiation (reading words related to sex out loud). Group 3 (severe) had a severely embarrassing initiation (reading sexually explicit words and obscene words out loud). After the initiation, each person listened to a standard tape-recorded discussion among the group that they would now supposedly be invited to join; this was made up made to be as dull and banal as possible.…