A study of the effect of caffeine on muscle metabolism used eighteen male volunteers who each underwent arm exercise tests. Nine of the men were randomly selected to take a capsule containing pure caffeine one hour before the test. The other men received a placebo capsule. During each exercise the subject's respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was measured. (RER is the ratio of CO2 produced to O2 consumed and is an indicator of whether energy is being obtained from carbohydrates or fats). Does the data provide evidence that caffeine does, on average, reduce RER? Placebo Caffeine 104 96 119 100 100 94 97 89 98 96 103 93 94 89 95 105 98 88 Mean 100.89 94.44 Variance 57.11 31.28

A study of the effect of caffeine on muscle metabolism used eighteen male volunteers who each underwent arm exercise tests. Nine of the men were randomly selected to take a capsule containing pure caffeine one hour before the test. The other men received a placebo capsule. During each exercise the subject's respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was measured. (RER is the ratio of CO2 produced to O2 consumed and is an indicator of whether energy is being obtained from carbohydrates or fats). Does the data provide evidence that caffeine does, on average, reduce RER? Placebo Caffeine 104 96 119 100 100 94 97 89 98 96 103 93 94 89 95 105 98 88 Mean 100.89 94.44 Variance 57.11 31.28

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Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition 2012

1st Edition

ISBN:9780547587776

Author:HOLT MCDOUGAL

Publisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL

Chapter11: Data Analysis And Probability

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8CR

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A study of the effect of caffeine on muscle metabolism used eighteen male volunteers who each underwent arm exercise tests. Nine of the men were randomly selected to take a capsule containing pure caffeine one hour before the test. The other men received a placebo capsule. During each exercise the subject's respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was measured. (RER is the ratio of CO2 produced to O2 consumed and is an indicator of whether energy is being obtained from carbohydrates or fats). The question of interest to the experimenter was whether, on average, caffeine changes RER. The two populations being compared are “men who have not taken caffeine” and “men who have taken caffeine” the results were as follows: Develop the hypothesis, Do the test Write the result of the hypothesis
Researchers interested in lead exposure due to car exhaust sampled the blood of 52 police officers subjected to constant inhalation of automobile exhaust fumes while working traffic enforcement in a primarily urban environment. The blood samples of these officers had an average lead concentration of 124.32 µg/l and a SD of 37.74 µg/l; a previous study of individuals from a nearby suburb, with no history of exposure, found an average blood level concentration of 35 µg/l. Test the hypothesis that the downtown police officers have a higher lead exposure than the group in the previous study. Interpret your results in context. Based on your preceding result, without performing a calculation, would a 99% confidence interval for the average blood concentration level of police officers contain 35 µg/l? Based on your preceding result, without performing a calculation, would a 99% confidence interval for this difference contain 0? Explain why or why not.
A study of the effect of caffeine on muscle metabolism used 24 male volunteers who each underwent arm exercise tests. 12 of the men were randomly selected to take a capsule containing pure caffeine one hour before the test. The other men received a placebo capsule. During each exercise the subject's respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was measured. (RER is the ratio of CO2 produced to O2 consumed and is an indicator of whether energy is being obtained from carbohydrates or fats). The question of interest to the experimenter was whether, on average, caffeine changes RER. Data is in: Placebo Caffeine 105 96 119 99 100 94 97 89 96 96 101 93 94 88 95 105 98 88 95 90 103 97 102 92 Construct a hypothesis test that detect whether there is difference in RER between two groups at .05 significant level (show steps) Construct a hypothesis test that detect whether Caffeine reduces RER compared to placebo at .05…
How many hours of sleep do people get by listening to music? I record 10 subjects’ hours of sleep after they listen to 4 types of music: White noise, Rock, Pop, and Classical. For each music condition, they provide an average amount of hours of sleep they got for 1 week. Using the following data, test whether there is a significant difference in hours of sleep between types of music at an alpha of 0.01. Subject White noise Rock Pop Classical 1 5 5 7.5 9 2 9.5 6.5 7 9 3 7.5 6 7 10 4 8 6 7 8 5 8.5 5 6 8 6 6 5.5 7 10 7 7 6.5 9 9 8 8 5 5 9.5 9 8 6 7 8 10 8 7 7.5 7 What is the null hypothesis? _______________________ What is the alternative hypothesis? __________________ What is the critical F value? _________________
How many hours of sleep do people get by listening to music? I record 10 subjects’ hours of sleep after they listen to 4 types of music: White noise, Rock, Pop, and Classical. For each music condition, they provide an average amount of hours of sleep they got for 1 week. Using the following data, test whether there is a significant difference in hours of sleep between types of music at an alpha of 0.01. Subject White noise Rock Pop Classical 1 5 5 7.5 9 2 9.5 6.5 7 9 3 7.5 6 7 10 4 8 6 7 8 5 8.5 5 6 8 6 6 5.5 7 10 7 7 6.5 9 9 8 8 5 5 9.5 9 8 6 7 8 10 8 7 7.5 7 Complete the ANOVA summary table: Source of Variation Sums of Squares df MS (Variance) F Between-groups Within-groups (error) Total What do we conclude? Using a bonferroni correction, run a post-hoc test on the type of music and…
Researchers interested in lead exposure due to car exhaust sampled the blood of 52 police officers subjected to constant inhalation of automobile exhaust fumes while working traffic enforcement in a primarily urban environment. The blood samples of these officers had an average lead concentration of 124.32 µg/l and an SD of 37.74 µg/l; a previous study of individuals from a nearby suburb, with no history of exposure, found an average blood level concentration of 35 µg/l. Write down the hypotheses that would be appropriate for testing if the police officers appear to have been exposed to a higher concentration of lead. Explicitly state and check all conditions necessary for inference on these data. Test the hypothesis that the downtown police officers have a higher lead exposure than the group in the previous study. Interpret your results in context. Based on your preceding result, without performing a calculation, would a 99% confidence interval for the average blood concentration…
If a newborn lab rat receives a hormone and its weight (in ounces) is converted into a z score that is greater than +2.00, what would the researcher most likely conclude about whether or not the hormone had an effect on the rat's weight?
Researchers interested in lead exposure due to car exhaust sampled the blood of 52 police officers subjected to constant inhalation of automobile exhaust fumes while working traffic enforcement in a primarily urban environment. The blood samples of these officers had an average lead concentration of 124.32 µg/l and a SD of 37.74 µg/l; a previous study of individuals from a nearby suburb, with no history of exposure, found an average blood level concentration of 35 µg/l. Based on your preceding result, without performing a calculation, would a 99% confidence interval for the average blood concentration level of police officers contain 35 µg/l? Based on your preceding result, without performing a calculation, would a 99% confidence interval for this difference contain 0? Explain why or why not.
In general, changing the alpha level from .05 to .01 will… Select one: a. increase the likelihood of rejecting the Ho, and increase the risk of a Type I error b. decrease the likelihood of rejecting the Ho, and increase the risk of a Type I error c. increase the likelihood of rejecting the Ho, and decrease the risk of a Type II error d. decrease the likelihood of rejecting the Ho, and increase the risk of a Type II error
The amount of pollution produced by cars was measured for cars using gasoline containing different amounts of lead. A. Independent B. Dependent
Compare the two separate scatterplots. In particular, how do the associtation compare between women with pets vs. women without pets? Does one group have more variation in systolic blood pressure than the other? If so, for which group? Does systolic blood pressure seem higher for common ages between the two groups? If so, for which group?
Consider a cohort study to compare the mortality rate of myocardial infarction (MI) in men with sedentary work (exposed group) to men with physically active work (unexposed). If in the exposed, there were 36,000 person (man) years of observation and 126 deaths whereas the unexposed had 24,000 man-years of observation and 44 deaths. Compute the following a) Mortality rate in each cohort? b) What is the relative risk of dying, comparing these 2 groups? c) What is the attributable risk of sedentary work? d) What is the attributable benefit of physical activity? e) If we assume that MI is associated with the mortality in this cohort (causality), what proportion of the disease in the higher group is potentially preventable?