(a) Suppose real GDP per person falls during a devastating recession, which in turn causes consumption to fall by 5%. Suppose there are no taxes in this economy. Would giving everyone 5% more income during the recession cause consumption to go up 5%? (b) An individual gets a salary increase from £50,000 to £75,000 per year. The individual saved £10,000 a year before the salary increase and £20,000 a year after the salary increase. Assume there are no taxes, the individual does not borrow, and the individual does not withdraw their savings. Calculate the individual's marginal propensity to consume.
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- Desired consumption is Cd = 2000 + 0.9Y - 100,000r - G, and desired investment is I d = 1000 - 45,000r. Real money demand is Md/P =Y - 6000i. Other variables are πe = 0.03, G = 500, Y = 1000, and M = 2100. Required (a) What feature in this example leads to the result that you don’t need to know the amount of taxes collected by the government to find the equilibrium?A consumer's income in the current period is y = 100 and income in the future period is y'= 120. He or she pays lump-sum taxes t=20 in the current period and t'= 10 in the future period. The real interest rate is 0.1, or 10%, per period. (a) Determine the consumer's lifetime wealth. (b) Suppose that current and future consumptions are perfect complements for the con sumer and that he or she always wants to have equal consumption in the current and future periods. Draw the consumer's indiffer ence curves. (c) Determine what the consumer's optimal current-period and future-period consump tions are, and what optimal saving is, and show this in a diagram with the consumer's budget constraint and indifference curves. Is the consumer a lender or a borrower?A new factory in a small town has an annual payroll of $6 million. It is expected that 60% of this moneywill be spend on the town will by factory personnel. The people in the town who receive this money areexpected to spend 60% of what they receive in the town, and so on.(a) What is the total of all this spending (called the “total economic impact”) of the factory on the towneach year?(b) How much additional spending will be generated by a 10 million dollar tax rebate if 60% of allincome is spent?
- Assuming a tax rate of 40 percent, compute thebefore-tax real interest rate and the after-tax realinterest rate for each of the following cases.a. The nominal interest rate is 10 percent, and theinflation rate is 5 percent.b. The nominal interest rate is 6 percent, and theinflation rate is 2 percent.c. The nominal interest rate is 4 percent, and theinflation rate is 1 percent.A consumer's current income (y) is 200 and the future income ( t.') is 240. A current lump sum tax (t) of 10 is paid and the tax in the next period (t') is 15. The real interest rate is 20% for each period. Please assume that current and future consumption are complements. and the consumer always prefers to have one unit of current consumption and two units of consumption in the future.Calculate the consumer's lifetime wealth.Calculate the optimal current and future consumption and the optimal current and future savings. Is the consumer a lender or a borrower? How does he she. as a lender or a borrower. affect the future consumption?For an econmomy with a MPC of .80 the multiplier will be 5 4 a magnitue of 1 less than the tax multiplier determined by the elasticity of the money supply
- consumers increased consumption by a relatively small amount in 2008 and 2009 because thet believe the tax cuts temporary. true or falseIf the government were to try to offset surplus years with deficit years over the business cycle, this would result in O A. a reduction in investment capital. O B. a higher debt-to-GDP ratio. OC. an annually balanced budget. O D. a structurally balanced budget. O E. a cyclically balanced budget.Consider a closed economy. The profits of private corporations constitute a fraction ?of national income. These profits are subject to corporate tax and a fraction ? of the net profits is distributed to owners. The remaining profits are invested in theeconomy. To encourage investment, the government proposes to cut the corporation tax. The corporation tax is proportional and so is the regular tax but the rates are notnecessarily the same.Analyse the effects of the government proposal assuming that wages and pricesare flexible. Will there be any ambiguity about the results?
- Suppose that conditions in the economy are such that the after-tax expected real interest rate is described by the equationRa = a X gWhere a is a number that depends on how people value their consumption in one period compared with another period, and g is the growth rate of the economy. The a equals 1 when people prefer consumption to be balanced, with the same amount of consumption each period; a may be bigger than the one when people prefer consumption today over consumption in the future, with a being larger and larger the more impatient people are:A - Suppose that a = 2, g = 0.02, the inflation rate is expected to be steady at pi = 0.03, and the tax rate is .40. What are the values of the equilibrium nominal interest rate and the before-tax expected real interest rate?B - Beginning with the situation in part a, if the growth rate of the economy increases to .04, what are the new values of the equilibrium nominal interest rate and the before-tax expected real interest rate?C -…Suppose that conditions in the economy are such that the after-tax expected real interest rate is described by the equationRa = a X gWhere a is a number that depends on how people value their consumption in one period compared with another period, and g is the growth rate of the economy. The a equals 1 when people prefer consumption to be balanced, with the same amount of consumption each period; a may be bigger than the one when people prefer consumption today over consumption in the future, with a being larger and larger the more impatient people are:D - Beginning with the situation in part a, if the expected inflation rate declings to 0.01, what are the new values of the equilibrium nominal interest rate and the before tax expected real interest rate?E - From these results, what general conclusions can you draw about the relationship between the nominal interest rate and the rate of economic growth, the tax rate, and the inflation rate? what about the relationship between the before…Which of the following results in an increase in consumers’ lifetime wealth, i.e. an increase in the net presentvalue of lifetime income? (a) Increase in interest rate(b) Decrease in future wages(c) Decrease in interest rate(d) Decrease in current taxes, financed by an increase in future taxes