A trequently found genetic disease is mutation in the medium chain acylCoA dehydrogenase. This leads to a build-up of fat in the liver, high concentrations of octanoic acid in the blood, and hypoglycemeia. What would be a reasonable treatment for such a patient?
Q: In the human body, under oxygen rich and oxygen poor conditions, respectively, pyruvate is converted…
A: Pyruvate has different fates under oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor conditions.
Q: If a person is starving for a prolonged time, an excessive build up of Acetyl CoA ultimately leads…
A: Acetyl Co-A can be synthesized during starvation from either amino acids or fatty acids. The end…
Q: Leucine and Ilysine are ketogenic amino acids. What does that mean for their metabolism? OA) These…
A: Ketogenic amino acids are the amino acid that can be directly degraded into ketone bodies and…
Q: True or false Ketone body synthesis requires transportation of acetyl-CoA through the inner…
A: Acetone, acetoacetate and 3 beta hydroxybutyrate are known as ketone bodies. They are produced from…
Q: After several days of starvation, the capacity of the liver to metabolize acetyl-CoA via the citric…
A: The citric acid cycle is involved in cell respiration and produces NADH and FADH2 for the electron…
Q: A deficiency in which of the following B vitamins would NOT directly impact the ability of cells to…
A: Deficiencies in all of the above would directly impact the ability of cells to convert pyruvate into…
Q: For diabetic patients, a life-threatening ketoacidosis can occur when there is an abrupt shift. from…
A: In diabetic ketoacidosis the blood becomes acidic and the body is dehydrated due high amount of…
Q: /on Gierke's disease is a glycogen storage disease that results from the absence of…
A: Glucose-6-phosphatase converts glucose-6-phosphate to glucose. Absence of glucose-6-phosphatase…
Q: Which of the following citric acid cycle enzymes catalyzes substrate-level phosphorylation
A: The citric acid cycle is also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle or the Krebs cycle. It is a…
Q: A fatty acid (17-carbon one), at least a portion of it, turned into glucose (considered glucogenic),…
A: Introduction The difference between the degradation of odd fatty acids from even fatty acids is the…
Q: An individual has a mutation that prevents the proper formation of lactate dehydrogenase. What is…
A: Lactate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that occurs in almost all living cells. This enzyme is expressed…
Q: CHOOSE THE CORRECT LETTER 1.Which of the following enzymes catalyze the reaction involved in the…
A: The TCA cycle or Kreb's cycle occurs only in the presence of oxygen inside the mitochondrial matrix.…
Q: The acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency diseases are a groupof inherited defects that impair the…
A: Enzymes are the type of protein that acts as biological catalysts. It speeds the rate of reaction…
Q: Ketogenic amino acids may be metabolized to which compound?
A: Amino acids are the building blocks of the proteins which are made of amino group(NH2), carboxyl…
Q: you follow a carbohydrate-free diet, certain metabolic problems occur. Describe glucogenesis and the…
A: Glucogenesis is the formation of glucose within an animal body from any product of glycolysis.…
Q: What is the difference between? HMG CoA in cholesterol biosynthesis and in ketone bodies synthesis…
A: Hi! Thank you for the question. As you have posted a question with multiple subparts, I will be…
Q: People with beriberi, a disease caused by thiamine deficiency, have elevated levels of blood…
A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase is the enzyme responsible for converting pyruvate into acetyl CoA during the…
Q: Neonatal tyrosinemia is due to the deficiency of which of the following enzymes? A. Fumaryl…
A: Tyrosinemia is a genetic disorder characterized by deficiency of the enzymes responsible for…
Q: Elevated liver NADH levels favors gluconeogenesis. Explain this statement?
A: Gluconeogenesis is rather literally translated as 'new glucose synthesis'. It is a metabolic process…
Q: When the ketone bodies are utilized for energy production at the target tissues, they are converted…
A: The ketone bodies are first formed in the liver and are then exported to other organs as fuel.…
Q: The peroxisomal enzyme b-ketoacyl–CoA-thiolase does notbind medium-chain acyl-CoA, in contrast to…
A: The peroxisomal enzyme beta-ketoacyl CoA thiolase does not bind medium chain acyl CoA in contrast to…
Q: The disease beriberi, which results from a dietary deficiency of vitamin B1 (thiamine), is…
A: Thiamine: a. Thiamine is a water-soluble vitamin and has a specific coenzyme which is thiamine…
Q: In evaluating jaundiced patients, clinicians often determine whether the bilirubin that accumulates…
A: Jaundice is considered a condition, where the color of the skin turn yellow, because of an increased…
Q: The first enzyme in the Krebs cycle is the A.citrate synthase B.pyruvate dehydrogenase C. α-…
A: Kreb's cycle is also called as citric acid cycle or TCA (Tricarboxylic acid cycle). It is a common…
Q: Most aminotransferases are specific for the keto acid a. a-ketoglutarate b. oxaloacetate c. pyruvate…
A: Transaminases or Aminotransferases Aminotransferases are the enzymes which catalyse the reactions…
Q: DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS: a) Gluconeogenesis b) Glycolysis c) Citric Acid…
A: Metabolic pathways play important role in the maintenance of life. Complex molecules are broken down…
Q: Gierke disease
A: answe will be option B, and C Glucose6-phosphate deficiency is an inherited metabolic disease,…
Q: Which of the following enzymes are inhibited by ATP? (choose all the correct answers) citrate…
A: ATP has pleiotropic effects may activate or inhibit the enzymes. ATP inhibits the enzyme by…
Q: Which of the following is a clinical manifestation consistent with diabetic ketoacidosis? Question…
A: Correct option explain next step
Q: Define the following terms:a. b-oxidationb. carnitinec. ketogenesisd. ketone bodiese. ketosis
A: Molecular biology is the field of biology that studies the composition, structure, and interactions…
Q: High amount of citrate decreases the activity of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase. True or False
A: Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatse enzyme participates in gluconeogenesis and gluconeogenesis is a pathway…
Q: Lysine is degraded to acetoacetyl-CoA then to acetyl-CoA, and is described as a _______ amino…
A: Lysine and arginine are broken down into acetoacetyl CoA and Acetyl CoA respectively. The process…
Q: Indicate what will happen ( increase, decrease or no effect) tothe activity of the enzyme or rate of…
A: Metabolism refers to the anabolism as well as catabolism of biomolecules including lipids, proteins,…
Q: All of the following are true with respect to alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, except:A. It inhibits…
A: Diabetes type 2 is adult-onset diabetes and is identified by a high level of sugar in the blood,…
Q: Pernicious anemia. Purine biosynthesis is impaired by vitamin B12 B12 deficiency. Why? How might…
A: Pernicious anemia is a type of anemia. This is a condition in which the blood has a lower than…
Q: In own words, give 5 or more reasons why most of the clinical features of the diseases…
A: Mitochondria are an essential component of eukaryotic cells, and their failure has been linked to a…
Q: Pantothenic acid (pantothenate), also known as vitamin Bs, is necessary for the production of…
A: Pantothenic acid, generally known as vitamin B5, is a water-soluble vitamin that serves as a…
Q: In transamination processes, pyridoxal phosphate is an essential coenzyme. This coenzyme has…
A: Transamination is the reaction in which amino group from an amino acid is transferred to a keto acid…
Q: The acetyl group of acetyl-CoA is derived from the breakdown of lipids, carbohydrates, and certain…
A: Acetyl Co A is a two carbon intermediate produced by the reaction of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.…
Q: What is the condition associated with a deficiency on enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase? albinism…
A: Enzymes are the catalysts that carry out biochemical reactions. These are proteins in nature.…
Q: _______________ is an intermediate metabolite linkage between carbohydrate and fat metabolism. A.…
A: ATP is the chief molecule that provides energy when the high energy in the ATP molecules is removed…
Q: A patient presenting in musty odour and hypopigmentation has also presented with high levels of…
A: Phenyl pyruvate: It is an organic keto acid formed by the oxidative deamination of the…
Q: Why most of the clinical features of the diseases Krebs Cycle inborn errors ( a- ketoglutarate…
A: Krebs cycle : This pathway plays an important role in the living cell metabolism also known as…
Q: Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, correct the statement…
A: Malonyl-CoA is a focal metabolite in fatty acid bio-chemistry. It is the rate-deciding intermediate…
Q: Three metabolites that can result from the breakdown of the carbon skeleton of amino acids are…
A: Amino acid catabolism is a part of the whole body catabolism. Nitrogen enters the body in a variety…
Q: The rate limiting and committed step of the pentose phosphate pathway is catalyzed by which of the…
A: The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a different process for metabolizing glucose. It is divided…
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- A patient who has been drinking large amounts of alcohol for long periods of time shows thefollowing symptoms: apathy, loss of memory, and a rhythmical to-and-fro motion of the eyeballs.Which of the following reactions are most likely to be affected in the patient? A. Conversation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA B. Conversation of a-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor BMetabolic ketoacidosis is a common problem with diabetics, which is caused by which of the following? Excessive oxidation of fatty acids, leading to an accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood. Excessive oxidation of glucose, leading to an accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood. Excessive oxidation of proteins, leading to an accumulation of ammonia in the blood. Hyperglycemia.Describe the role of ethanol in cellular energy supply, the metabolism of ethanol (alcohol), the regulation of its metabolism and the disease conditions associated with its metabolism especially - hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, hepatic steatosis, Vitamin deficiency, and acetaldehyde toxicity (you should feel free to discuss other diseases that are directly related to ethanol metabolism).
- Which of the following is a clinical manifestation consistent with diabetic ketoacidosis? Question 63 options: a) Glucose < 14 mmol/L b) pH > 7.51 c) Bicarbonate > 30 mmol/L d) Acetone breathWhich of the given metabolites is common in respiration mediated breakdown of fat and protein? a.Dihydroxyacetone phosphate b.Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate c.Acetyl CoA d.Phosphoenol pyruvateWhat is the name of the enzyme that produces acetyl-CoA? What is the name of its major inhibitor? If this inhibitor is active, how will carbohydrate metabolism be affected? Be specific. (The word metabolism isn’t specific.)
- Can you answer all the parts to following question, true or false: Q23: A: The breakdown of a fatty acid produces more energy than the breakdown of glucose (True or False) B: Acetyl-CoA can be directly converted to pyruvate through the TCA (True or False) C: Glucagon stimulates the liver to store energy by performing glycolysis (True or False) D: The keto diet is dangerous due to the risk of developing ketoacidosis (True or False)Three metabolites that can result from the breakdown of the carbon skeleton of amino acids are ketone bodies, acetyl-CoA, and glucose. Briefly describe how each of these metabolites can be produced from amino acid catabolism.Lactose intolerance is caused by reduced production of the enzyme lactase. A variety of digestive system problems, such as celiac disease and Crohn’s disease) can also lower the production of lactase. If an individual produces low levels of the enzyme lactase, explain why they might be able to tolerate eating dairy products that contain lower levels of lactose (e.g., hard cheeses, feta cheese, and cottage cheese), but will not be able to tolerate foods with high levels of lactose (e.g., milk).
- Which of the following statements regarding glucose is NOT true? a.)Glucose is a monosaccharide sugar b.)Glucose can be metabolized by both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism c.)The normal blood glucose concentration is 4-7 mmol/l d.)A high blood glucose concentration is called hypoglycemiaWhich carbons of Glucose 1-Phosphate will be incorporated into Lauric acid (C-12) by the Fatty Acid Synthase? (One or multiple answers) a. Carbon 1 b. Carbon 2 c. Carbon 3 d. Carbon 4 e. Carbon 5 f. Carbon 6 g. All carbons will be incorporated. h. No carbons will be incorporatedGlucose 6-phosphatase deficiency is a glycogen storage disease referred to as von Gierke disease. Which of the following symptoms would you NOT expect to see in patients with this disease? (A) severe fasting hypoglycemia (B) excess adipose triglyceride storage and low circulating levels of fatty acids (C) hyperammonemia (D) liver enlargement resulting from excess liver glycogen storage (E) lactic acidosis (F) gout