A wall of a furnace is made of 120 mm silica brick layer (k= 1.7W/m. K) covered with a layer of 240mm magnesite brick layer (k= 1.2W/m. K). The temperatures of the inside surface of silica brick and outside surface of magnesite brick are 725 C and 110 C respectively. Calculate the rate of heat transfer(per unit area) and the interface temperature.
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- Estimate the rate of heat loss per unit length from a 5-cm ID, 6-cm OD steel pipe covered with high-temperature insulation having a thermal conductivity of 0.11 W/(m K) and a thickness of 1.2 cm. Steam flows in the pipe. It has a quality of 99% and is at 150C. The unit thermal resistance at the inner wall is 0.0026(m2K)/W the heat transfer coefficient at the outer surface is 17W/(m2K) and the ambient temperature is 16C.The handle of a ladle used for pouring molten lead is 30 cm long. Originally the handle was made of 1.9cm1.25cm mild steel bar stock. To reduce the grip temperature, it is proposed to form the handle of tubing 0.15 cm thick to the same rectangular shape. If the average heat transfer coefficient over the handle surface is 14 W/m K, estimate the reduction of the temperature at the grip in air at 21C.2.9 In a large chemical factory, hot gases at 2273 K are cooled by a liquid at 373 K with gas-side and liquid-side convection heat transfer coefficients of 50 and , respectively. The wall that separates the gas and liquid streams is composed of a 2-cm thick oxide layer on the gas side and a 4-cm thick slab of stainless steel on the liquid side. There is a contact resistance between the oxide layer and the steel of . Determine the rate of heat loss from hot gases through the composite wall to the liquid.
- 2.7 A very thin silicon chip is bonded to a 6-mm thick aluminum substrate by a 0.02-mm thick epoxy glue. Both surfaces of this chip-aluminum system are cooled by air at , where the convective heat transfer coefficient of air flow is . If the heat dissipation per unit area from the chip is under steady-state conditions, draw the thermal circuit for the system and determine the operating temperature of the chip.2.38 The addition of aluminum fins has been suggested to increase the rate of heat dissipation from one side of an electronic device 1 m wide and 1 m tall. The fins are to be rectangular in cross section, 2.5 cm long and 0.25 cm thick, as shown in the figure. There are to be 100 fins per meter. The convection heat transfer coefficient, both for the wall and the fins, is estimated to be K. With this information determine the percent increase in the rate of heat transfer of the finned wall compared to the bare wall.2.42 A circumferential fin of rectangular cross section, 3.7-cm OD and 0.3 cm thick, surrounds a 2.5-cm- diameter tube as shown below. The fin is constructed of mild steel. Air blowing over the fin produces a heat transfer coefficient of K. If the temperatures of the base of the fin and the air are and , respectively, calculate the heat transfer rate from the fin.
- An electronic device that internally generates 600 mW of heat has a maximum permissible operating temperature of 70C. It is to be cooled in 25C air by attaching aluminum fins with a total surface area of 12cm2. The convection heat transfer coefficient between the fins and the air is 20W/m2K. Estimate the operating temperature when the fins are attached in such a way that (a) there is a contact resistance of approximately 50 K/W between the surface of the device and the fin array and (b) there is no contact resistance (in this case, the construction of the device is more expensive). Comment on the design options.3.17 A 1.4-kg aluminum household iron has a 500-W heating element. The surface area is . The ambient temperature is 21°C, and the surface heat transfer coefficient is . How long after the iron is plugged in does its temperature reach 104°C?2.43 A turbine blade 6.3 cm long, with cross-sectional area and perimeter , is made of stainless steel . The temperature of the root, , is . The blade is exposed to a hot gas at , and the heat transfer coefficient is K. Determine the temperature of the blade tip and the rate of heat flow at the root of the blade. Assume that the tip is insulated.
- A steam turbine casing is made of a 6mm thick steel plate. At one location it has an inside surfacetemperature of 100°C. The convective heat transfer coefficient on the outside is 10 W/m2K. Theambient temperature is 25°C. What is the outer surface temperature? If the outer surface iscovered with a 3cm layer of insulation (k = 0.04 W mK), will it be safe to touch? Explain.The resistance wire of a heater is composed of nichrome (a nickel-chromium alloy), completely surrounded by a 1/8 in (k = 0.15 BTU / h ftºF) layer of asbestos, and this in turn, surrounded by another layer of 1/8 in.thick stainless steel (k = 10 BTU / h ftºF). If the core temperature of the wire is kept constant at 1000 F, the convective heat transfer coefficient is 3 BTU / h ft ºF, and the ambient temperature is 70ºF. Calculate: a) The heat flux delivered to the wire in BTU / h ft^2 b) The outside temperature of the wire in ºFThe 5-mm-thick bottom of a 200-mm-diameter pan may be made from aluminum (k= 240 W/m·K) or copper (k= 390 W/m·K). When used to boil water, the surface of the bottom exposed to the water is nominally at 110°C and heat is transferred from the stove to the pan at a rate of 1200 W. What is the temperature of the surface in contact with the stove for each of the two materials?Aluminum:T= _____ °CCopper:T= _____ °C