A widely used utility function in the economics literature is the constant rate of risk aversion utility function. It is given by: u(c) = c*(1-n) (1-n) Assume that an agent lives for three periods (t-0,1,2) and discounts future utility at rate B (per period). The agent is born with asset level ag and his/her labour market income is yo and y, for periods O and 1 respectively, the agent retire in the last period (no labour income). The interest rate in this economy is r. Please answer the following questions based on the information displayed here. Choose the best option available.
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- Find the Pratt - Arrow risk - aversion function for a utility function U(W) = log(0.5-W + 500), where W is the amount of wealth in €. Suppose that an investor's wealth is subject to outcomes -800 €, 500 €, 500 € and 1, 000 € which affect the initial amount of 2,500 € with probabilities of their occurrence 40%, 15%, 15% and 30%, respectively. a) Using the Taylor approximation to certainty equivalent, calculate an approximate expected utility value. b) Calculate the certain equivalent of the investor's uncertain wealth. Interpret.Suppose that there is limited commitment in the credit market, but lenders are uncertain about the value of collateral. Each consumer has a quantity of collateral H, but from the point of view of the lender, there is a probability a that the collateral will be worth p in the future period, and probability 1 - a that the collateral will be worthless in the future period. Suppose that all consumers are identical. (a) Determine the collateral constraint for the consumer, and show the consumer’s lifetime budget constraint in a diagram. (b) How will a decrease in a affect the consumer’s consumption and savings in the current period, and consumption in the future period? Briefly explain your results. Please do fast ASAP fastLeora has a monthly income of $20,736. Unfortunately, there is a chance that she will have an accident that will result in costs of $10,736. Thus leaving her an income of only $10,000. The probability of an accident is 0.5. Finally assume that her preferences over income can be represented by the utility function u(x) = 2ln(x).a) What is the expected income? What is Leora’s expected utility (you may leave in log form)? b) What is the certainty equivalent to her situation? What is the risk premium associated with her situation?c) What is the maximum that Leora would be willing to pay for a full insurance policy?d) Illustrate her expected utility, expected wealth, certainty equivalent, the risk premium and her willingness to pay for a full insurance policy in a diagram.
- Let U(x)= x^(beta/2) denote an agent's utility function, where Beta > 0 is a parameter that defines the agent's attitude towards risk. Consider a gamble that pays a prize X = 10 with probability 0.2, a price X = 50 with probability 0.4 and a price X = 100 with probability 0.4. Compute the agentís expected utility for such gamble and find the value of Beta such that the agentis risk neutral? Suppose B= 1, what is the certainty equivalent of the gamble described above? What is the Arrow-Pratt measure of absolute risk aversion?A risk-averse expected-utility maximizer has initial wealth w0 and utility function u. She facesa risk of a financial loss of L dollars, which occurs with probability π. An insurance companyoffers to sell a policy that costs p dollars per dollar of coverage (per dollar paid back in theevent of a loss). Denote by x the number of dollars of coverage.(a) Give the formula for her expected utility V (x) as a function of x.(b) Suppose that u(z) = −e−zλ, π = 1/4, L = 100 and p = 1/3. Write V (x)using these values. There should be three variables, x, λ and w. Find the optimal value of x,as a function of λ and w, by solving the first-order condition (set the derivative of the expectedutility with respect to x equal to zero). (The second-order condition for this problem holds butyou do not need to check it.) Does the optimal amount of coverage increase or decrease in λ,where λ > 0?(c) Repeat exercise (b), but with p = 1/6.(d) You should find that for either (b) or (c), the optimal coverage…Leo owns one share of Anteras, a semiconductor chip company which may have to recall millions of chips. The stock currently trades at $100/share. Leo believes the probability that they have to recall the chips is 50%. If the chips have to be recalled, the stock price will be cut in half, but otherwise it will remain $100. The expected value of Leo's share is ______ Assume Leo has the utility function, U(X)=√X. The minimum price Leo would accept to sell his share is _______ Leo's risk premium is ________
- An investor has a power utility function with a coefficient of relative risk aversion of 3. Compare the utility that the investor would receive from a certain income of £2 with that generated by a lottery having equally likely outcomes of £1 and £3. Calculate the certain level of income which, for an investor with preferences as above, would generate identical expected utility to the lottery described. How much of the original certain income of £2 the investor would be willing to pay to avoid the lottery? Detail the calculations and carefully explain your answer.Tess and Lex earn $40,000 per year and all earnings are spent on consumption (c). Tess and Lex both have the utility function c. Both could experience an adverse event that results in earnings of $0 per year. Tess has a 1% chance of experiencing an adverse event and Lex has a 12% chance of experiencing an adverse event. Tess and Lex are both aware of their risk of an adverse event. 1. Suppose the actuarially fair premium charge is 2600, Calculate Tess’ expected utility with full insurance if she is charged the premium. Round to two decimal places. 2. What is the premium that private insurance companies will charge for full insurance? Round to two decimal places. 3.Assume the social welfare function is the sum of the Tess’ and Lex’s utility functions. Select the correct statement regarding the explanation for what has happened in the private market and the role of social insurance. a.Adverse section has lead to market failure. The government could improve social welfare by…You are a risk-averse investor with a CRRA utility function. You are faced with the decision to invest your total wealth W of £1,000,000 into a riskless asset which generates a return of 5% or into a risky asset which either generates a return of 20% or a loss of −4% with equal probability. Find the optimal investment allocation with a coefficient of relative risk aversion η=2, and comment on your results.
- Consider the constant relative risk aversion utility of wealth function from Chapter 3 for an investor with gamma parameter equal to 0.25: U(W) = W^(0.25)/(0.25) = 4W^(0.25). Suppose this investor is faced with a 50-50 bet to receive nothing or to receive 1000 dollars. What's a fair price for this bet to the investor? I.e., what is the certainty equivalent wealth (CEW) associated with this bet, for this investorSuppose Investor A has a power utility function with γ = 1, whilst Investor B has a power utility function with γ = 0.5 (i) Which investor is more risk-averse(assuming that w > 0)? (ii) Suppose that Investor B has an initial wealth of 100 and is offered the opportunity to buy Investment X for 100, which offers an equal chance of a payout of 110 or 92. Will she choose to buy Investment X?Consider the following claim: “If a decision maker prefers one given lottery that yields $x with probability 1 over another given lottery whose expected return is $x, then we can fully characterize the agent's risk attitude. That is, this information comparing two given lotteries is enough to determine if the decision maker is risk averse, risk loving or risk neutral.” If this claim is TRUE, then provide a proof. If it is FALSE, then prove your argument by providing an explanation.