a. By how much will real output increase in the short run? 24 In the long run? 2$ b. Instead, now assume that the price level drops from 120 to 110. Assuming flexible product and resource prices, by how much will real output fall in the short run? 2$ In the long run? 2$ c. What is the long-run level of output at each of the three price levels shown?
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- pre to co Price Level 0 I I 2 I I 4 1 6 8 10 12 14 Real GDP (Trillions Dollars) SRAS AD 16 18 20 AD SRAS Which of the following best describes the effect of an increase in wage rates? O The price level remains the same, but the Real GDP decreases to $6 trillion. O The price level falls below PE, and the Real GDP increases to $6 trillion. The price level rises above PE, and the Real GDP decreases to $6 trillion. O The price level rises above PE, but the Real GDP remains the same.The economy has shifted and the quantity of the real GDP supplied has increased. What has potentially happened to aggregate price levels? Potentially the price levels have increased to a higher aggregate price level and if the wages are sticky, businesses have hired more employees as labor has become cheaper. O Potentially the price levels have decreased to a lower aggregate price level and if the wages are sticky, businesses have hired more employees as labor has become cheaper. Potentially the price levels have increased to a higher aggregate price level and if the wages are sticky, businesses have fired some employees as labor has become too expensive.The following graph shows an increase in aggregate demand (AD) in a hypothetical country. Specifically, aggregate demand shifts to the right from AD¡ to AD2, causing the quantity of output demanded to rise at all price levels. For example, at a price level of 140, output is now $400 billion, wwhere previously it was $300 billion. 170 100 150 140 130 120 AD2 110 AD, 100 00 + 100 200 300 400 500 00 700 800 OUTPUT (Billions of dollars) The following table lists several determinants of aggregate demand. Complete the table by indicating the change needed in each determinant to increase aggregate demand. Change Needed to Increase AD Wealth Тахes Expected rate of return on investment Incomes in other countries PRICE LEVEL
- PRICE LEVEL 240 200 160 120 80 40 0 0 3 SRAS[120] 12 6 9 REAL GDP (Trillions of dollars) 15 18 SRAS[120] O Interpret the change you drew on the previous graph by filling in the blanks in the following paragraph: The lower-than-expected price level causes firms to earn they their production level. At the same time, the real value of wages and other resource prices is expected when they signed long-term contracts. As a result, the economy as a whole produces at a level unemployment rate is than its natural rate. profit than they expected on each unit of output they produce, and, therefore, than workers and firms its potential output, and the Now, suppose prices remain lower than expected. As a result, in the next round of labor negotiations, unions accept lower wages for their members. The following graph shows the potential output for this economy as well as the same initial short-run aggregate supply curve as in the first graph. Shift one or both of these lines to illustrate how the…12. Assume that an economy operates according to the sticky-wage model. The nominal wage was set to make labor supply and labor demand equal when the expected price level equaled 120 (as measured by the consumer price index). a. Use a graph of the labor market to illustrate what happens to the quantity of labor employed if the actual price level over the time period when wages are stuck equals 110. b. Use a graph of the production function to illustrate how the quantity of output produced changes if the actual price level equals 110 when the expected price level is 120. c. Given the unexpectedly low price level, will this economy be operating above, below, or at the natural rate?8. Suppose that aggregate demand and supply for a hypothetical economy are as shown: P Amount of real Price Amount rea AS GDP level GDP supplie demanded, billions (price index) billions 100 300 450 200 250 400 AD' 300 200 300 AD 400 150 200 500 100 100 Real 100 200 300 400 GDP Use these sets of data to graph the aggregate demand and aggregate supply curves. What is the equilibrium price level and the equilibrium level of real output in this hypothetical economy? Equilibrium price level = Is the equilibrium real output also necessarily the full-capacity real output? (Yes, No ) The full-capacity level of GDP is more lil cut at $ а. Equilibrium real output = $ billion billion. b. Why will a price level of 150 not be an equilibrium price level in this economy? Why not 250? billion, (more, less ) than billion. The (shortage, surplus) of real output will drive the At a price level of 150, real GDP supplied is a maximum of $ the real GDP demanded of $ price level up. At a price level of 250,…
- Figure 11.2 shows the relationship between the price level and real GDP. Which of the following is the long-run equilibrium point? Figure 11.2 Price level O * O O e 52 V P₁ P₂ P3 0 A point between e* and e" Potential output LRAS e Q3 Q₂ Q₁ SRAS AD AD* AD' Real GDP (trillions of dollars)Price Level LAS SAS, SAS, AD SAS, AD, AD, Real Output Refer to the graph. Suppose the economy is at SAS, and AD₂. What is a possible way the economy can return to potential output? What dynamic price level feedback effect could prevent the return to potential output? How would the dynamic price level feedback effect show up in the graph? O A decrease in asset prices in the economy; a decrease in asset prices would further decrease AD; a shift in AD from AD2 to AD3 O A decrease in material costs in the economy; a decrease in material costs would decrease AD; a shift in AD from AD2 to AD1 A decrease in wages in the economy; a decrease in wages would further decrease AD; a shift in AD from AD2 to AD3 A decrease in wages in the economy; a decrease in wages would further decrease AD; a shift in AD from AD2 to AD1How much more (or less) output will the average American have next year of the $20 trillion GDP grows (or contracts) by: Instructions: if the economy contracts be sure to include a negative sign(-) in front of your answer. Assume a population of 340 million. If the economy contracts, be sure to put a (-) in front of your answer. A. 2 percent? B. 5 percent? C. -1 percent? D. 1.5 percent ? E. 4 percent ? F. 2.5 percent ?
- Exhibit 14A-2 Macro AD-AS Model Price Level CPI 130 120 110 100 90 O J T 1 1 1 17 1 1. 1 IN F I 1 1 9.0 1 N 1 LRAS 1 SRAS AD LL 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 Real GDP (trillions of dollars per year) In Exhibit 14A-2, the intersection of AD with SRAS indicates: O a short-run equilibrium. O a long-run equilibrium. O that the economy needs policies to reduce unemployment. O that the economy is at full employment.170 Price 140 level 120 100 D AD5 AD4 AD 3 AD, AD2 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 Real GDP In Exhibit 20-8, if aggregate demand shifts from AD₁ to AD3, O a. real GDP will increase from $3.0 to $4.0, and the price level will increase from 100 to 140. Ob. real GDP will increase from $3.0 to $7.0, and the price level will increase from 100 to 120. Oc. real GDP will increase from $3.0 to $7.0, and the price level will increase from 100 to 140. Od. real GDP will increase from $3.0 to $4.0, and the price level does not change.1. How many recessions did the US economy experience between 1929 and 2020? What were the four longest recessions between 1929 and 2019, not including the COVID-19 recession? What were the three deepest recessions between 1929 and 2019? That is, during which three recessions was the decline in real GDP biggest from peak to through? How long did the COVID-19 recession last?