A. What is the p-value of your test? a. 0.0113 b. 0.9887 c. 0.0226 B. What is your estimate for the true difference between the weights of these populations? a. 0 b. 7.08 c. 6.26 d. 0.82 C. Based on a 99% confidence interval, would you have rejected your null hypothesis at t he alpha = 0.01 level? a. No answer text provided. b. Yes, we would have rejected the null hypothesis. c. No answer text provided. d. No, we would not have rejected the null hypothesis.
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A. What is the p-value of your test?
B. What is your estimate for the true difference between the weights of these populations?
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- A heart study objective was to study heart disease among healthy volunteers.After a 10-year follow-up period involving men aged 40 to 59, there were 16 casesof coronary heart disease (CHD) among the 454 men who initially had cholesterollevels below 210 mg/100 ml (referred to as the low serum cholesterol group). Incontrast, among the 424 men whose initial cholesterol levels were at least 245mg/100 ml (referred to as the high serum cholesterol group), there were 51 cases ofCHD. With this information, Draw a 2x2 contingency table then calculate the relative risk (RR) associated with high serum cholesterol and provide an interpretation of the result.Suppose a researcher is interested inthe effectiveness in a new childhood exercise program implemented in a SRS of schools across a particular county. In order to test the hypothesis that the new program decreases BMI (Kg/m2), the researcher takes a SRS of children from schools where the program is employed and a SRS from schools that do not employ the program and compares the results. Assume the following table represents the SRSs of students and their BMIs. Student intervention group BMI (kg/m2) Student control group BMI (kg/m2) A 18.6 A 21.6 B 18.2 B 18.9 C 19.5 C 19.4 D 18.9 D 22.6 E 24.1 F 23.6 A) Assuming that all the necessary conditions are met (normality, independence, etc.) carry out the appropriate statistical test to determine if the new exercise program is effective. Use an alpha level of 0.05. Do not assume equal variances.B) Construct a 95% confidence interval about your estimate for the average difference in BMI between the groups.A paper in the Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders reported the following data on the amount of dextroamphetamine excreted by a sample of children having organically related disorders and a sample of children with nonorganic disorders (dextroamphetamine is a drug commonly used to treat hyperkinetic children). Organic: 17.53, 20.60, 17.62, 28.93, 27.10 Nonorganic: 15.59, 14.76, 13.32, 12.45, 12.79 (Observations refer to percentage of recovery of the drug seven hours after its administration.) If we assume that the variances of the two groups of children are unequal, determine whether the true average percentages of recovery for the two conditions are equal at significance level 0.01
- To evaluate the coagulation effects of three drugs, 30 healthy volunteers were randomly assigned into 3 groups and injected with different drugs. Their relevant coagulation times were measured as follows A(group=1): 36.8 34.4 34.3 35.7 33.2 31.1 34.3 29.8 35.4 31.2B(group=2): 40.0 35.5 36.7 39.3 40.1 36.8 33.4 38.3 38.4 39.8C(group=3): 32.9 37.9 30.5 31.1 34.7 37.6 40.2 38.1 32.4 35.6Questions: ① If you want to evaluate whether the coagulation effects of the three drugs are different, which method should be used? and what are the model assumptionsfor the application of this method?② Compare the difference of the coagulation effects among three drugs by SPSS,present the main results and make interpretation.③ Make pairwise comparisons of the efficacy of the three drugs, write out the method of pairwise comparison you adopted (just write one method) and the corresponding p-values.To determine a target audience for a new email package, a computer company surveyed a large random sample of potential customers, asking each whether he/she uses email on a regular basis. (The company considered "a regular basis" to be at least three times a week.) The data, as summarized in the contingency table below, were classified according to two variables: the age of the respondent ("under 18", "18-35", "36-54", "55+") and regularity of email use ("on a regular basis" or "not on a regular basis"). Each cell of the table contains three numbers: the first number is the observed cell frequency (fO); the second number is the expected cell frequency (fE) under the assumption that there is no dependence between age and regularity of email use and the third number is the following value.To determine a target audience for a new email package, a computer company surveyed a large random sample of potential customers, asking each whether he/she uses email on a regular basis. (The company considered "a regular basis" to be at least three times a week.) The data, as summarized in the contingency table below, were classified according to two variables: the age of the respondent ("under 18", "18-35", "36-54", "55+") and regularity of email use ("on a regular basis" or "not on a regular basis"). Each cell of the table contains three numbers: the first number is the observed cell frequency (fO); the second number is the expected cell frequency (fE) under the assumption that there is no dependence between age and regularity of email use and the third number is the following value. =−fOfE2fE−Observed cell frequencyExpected cell frequency2Expected cell frequency
- An automotive engineer is investigating two different types of metering devices for an electronic fuel injection system to determine whether they differ in their fuel mileage performance. The system is installed on 10 different cars, and a test is run with each metering device on each car. The data is provided below: Metering Device Car 1 2 1 17.6 16.8 2 19.4 20.0 3 18.2 17.6 4 17.1 16.4 5 15.3 16.0 6 15.9 15.9 7 16.3 16.5 8 18.0 18.4 9 17.3 16.4 10 19.1 20.1 Is there a significant difference between the means of the two metering devices? Use . Interpret the result in the context of the problem. An article in the journal Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials (Vol. 6, 1989) reported the results of an analysis of the weight of calcium in standard cement and cement doped with lead. Reduced levels of calcium would indicate that the hydration mechanism in the cement is blocked…A sociologist wants to investigate the question, "Is there a relationship between texting during class and grade-point-average (GPA) among high school seniors in a large district?" Which study design is most appropriate? Before the semester starts, randomly select 40 seniors from each high school who do not text during class. Assign 20 to the texting treatment group (text three or more times during every class meeting) and 20 to the control group (no texting during class). At the end of the semester, obtain each student’s GPA from the appropriate admissions and records office. Compare the GPA of students who routinely text during class to the GPA of students who do not text during class. Before the semester starts, randomly select 40 seniors from each high school who do not text during class. Assign 20 to the texting treatment group (text three or more times during every class meeting) and 20 to the control group (no texting during class). At the end of the semester,…A psychologist at a private mental hospital was asked to determine whether there was a clear difference in the length of stay for patients with different categories of diagnosis. Looking at the last four patients in each of the three major categories, the results (in terms of weeks of stay) were as follows: Diagnosis Category Affective Disorders Cognitive Disorders Drug-Related Conditions 7 12 8 6 8 10 5 9 12 6 11 10 Using alpha = 0.05, is there a significant difference in length of stay among diagnosis categories? Show all five steps of hypothesis testing. For additional practice, compute the means and standard deviations for each group. What is the purpose of a post hoc test? What does it tell us? Explain why we do not need a post hoc test if there are only two groups in our study. Conduct Tukey's HSD post hoc test to determine where there is a difference in the three groups.
- A psychologist at a private mental hospital was asked to determine whether there was a clear difference in the length of stay for patients with different categories of diagnosis. Looking at the last four patients in each of the three major categories, the results (in terms of weeks of stay) were as follows: Diagnosis Category Affective Disorders Cognitive Disorders Drug-Related Conditions 7 12 8 6 8 10 5 9 12 6 11 10 Using alpha = 0.05, is there a significant difference in length of stay among diagnosis categories? Show all five steps of hypothesis testing and compute the means and standard deviations for each group.Researchers are interested in the effectiveness of a new anti-retroviral medication at increasing 5 year survival for HIV infected persons with Hepatitis C. In order to test the efficacy of the new study drug, the researchers randomly assigned participants to receive either the new medication or a placebo. The following table summarizes preliminary results of the trial. Deceased Non-Deceased Total New Vaccine 55 84 139 Placebo 61 67 128 Total 116 151 267 A) Calculate the relative risk for mortality among those treated with the new vaccine versus the placebo. B) Interpret the relative risk measurement.The Diabetes Control and Complications trial research group, randomly assigned volunteers with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, but without retinopathy, either to a conventional treatment or to a more intensive treatment aimed at maintaining normal blood glucose levels. The volunteers' health was monitored closely for approximately six years. By the end of the study, 91 patients out of 378 in the conventional treatment group had developed retinopathy, whereas 23 out of 348 in the intensive treatment group had developed retinopathy. Test whether the rates of retinopathy differed significantly between the two treatment groups, if they did, which rate was significantly lower. 1. Provide the null hypothesis 2. Provide the alternative hypotheses 3. calculate the appropriate test statistic. Show all work 4. Identify the p-value for that test statistic 5. Using the p-value method and an alpha level of 0.02 state what your conclusions are regarding the null hypothesis, and…