ABC Industries is considering a 3-year project that will cost $200 today followed by free cash flows to firm of $100 in year 1, $80 in year 2, and $160 in year 3. ABC has $1000 of assets with a debt ratio of 40.00%. ABC's before-tax cost of debt is 7.00% and its cost of equity is 12.00%. Suppose ABC pays a fee of$6 to the investment bankers who help them to raise the $120 Debt capital. Assuming the tax rate is 35.00% and that the flotation cost can be amortized (i.e. deducted) for tax purposes over the 3 year life of the project. The NPV of the project using the APV method, taking into account the flotation costs, is closest to:   $8.40   $11.34   $10.66   $7.72

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Risk Management Techniques

Risk management is the procedure of recognizing, analyzing, monitoring, and preventing the risks and threatening factors of investments and business. Risks can arise from various factors including internal controls, market changes, natural disasters, and failure in productions. Risk management techniques enable entities to control and minimize the risks as well as the threatening factors of the business and it also helps to improve the business.