According to Paul Boyer, the mechanism of ATP synthesis involves the rotation of the y subunit which in turn causes sequential conformation changes in the aß assemblies. Explain the steps of ATP synthesis according to this mechanism.
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- A suspension of inside-out submitochondrial particles (i.e., the F1 unit is on the outside of the particle) is placed in a solution that contains ADP, Pi, and NADH. Will increasing the proton concentration of the solution result in ATP synthesis? Explain.Cyanide causes an irreversible inhibition of electron transport that prevents ATP synthesis, whereas the inhibitoryeffect of small amounts of dinitrophenol on ATP synthesisis reversible. Explain the difference.During oxidative phosphorylation: H+ are actively transported from __ to __? How does this process of active transport of H+ relate to how ATP is produced?
- Whatis the main idea behind the conformational coupling mechanism for ATP synthase? Describe the three conformational states.How many protons are required to synthesize one ATP by F1F0-ATPase containing (a) 10 or (b) 15 c subunits?From these data, is the energy solely from the H+ concentration gradient sufficient to generate ATP from ADP and Pi? If not, suggest how the necessary energy for synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate arises.
- How many ATPs are synthesized for every cytoplasmic NADH reducing equivalent that is transferred into the matrix via the malate–aspartate shuttle?In terms of aerobic cellular respiration, explain how the irreversible steps of glycolysis and krebs, work in concert with oxidative phosphorylation (i.e., ETC and ATP synthase) to regulate the energy charge of the cell? Why do hepatocytes make more ATP from glucose than myocytes?You experiementally apply the compund antimyctin, which inhinits the functioning of complex III, cytochrome reductase, from participating in redox reactions. You follow this with the addition of 6 molecules of FADH2. How many total ATP molecules can be created using the number of protons that were pumped?
- How many ATP can be made from one molecule of thefollowing? Explain how this is done. Phosphoenolpyruvate NADH GTPHow many ATP are produced when 3 moles of FADH2 enter the electron transport chain?In steroid synthesis, squalene is oxidizedto squalene epoxide. This reaction is somewhat unusual, in thatboth a reducing agent (NADPH) and an oxidizing agent (O2) arerequired. Why are both needed?
