Activity 2: WHO WANTS TO BE A CHEMIST? Directions: To become a chemist and receive a score, you need to answer the question in each level. Your score increases as you go to a higher level. Compare the properties of 1. M aqueous sugar solution to a 0.5 aqueous solution of NaCl level 5 • Why is vapor pressure lowering the colligative property? level 4 • What is needed for a liquid to freeze? level 3

Activity 2: WHO WANTS TO BE A CHEMIST? Directions: To become a chemist and receive a score, you need to answer the question in each level. Your score increases as you go to a higher level. Compare the properties of 1. M aqueous sugar solution to a 0.5 aqueous solution of NaCl level 5 • Why is vapor pressure lowering the colligative property? level 4 • What is needed for a liquid to freeze? level 3

Chemistry: Principles and Reactions

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305079373

Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley

Publisher:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley

Chapter10: Solutions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 73QAP: Consider three test tubes. Tube A has pure water. Tube B has an aqueous 1.0 m solution of ethanol,...

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You have read that adding a solute to a solvent can both increase the boiling point and decrease the freezing point. A friend of yours explains it to you like this: The solute and solvent can be like salt in water. The salt gets in the way of freezing in that it blocks the water molecules from joining together. The salt acts like a strong bond holding the water molecules together so that it is harder to boil. What do you say to your friend?
You have two aqueous solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane. One contains 5.85 g of NaCl dissolved in 100. mL of solution, and the other contains 8.88 g of KNO3 dissolved in 100. mL of solution. In which direction will solvent flow: from the NaCl solution to the KNO3 solution, or from KNO3 to NaCl? Explain briefly.
Consider three test tubes. Tube A has pure water. Tube B has an aqueous 1.0 m solution of ethanol, C2H5OH. Tube C has an aqueous 1.0 m solution of NaCl. Which of the following statements are true? (Assume that for these solutions 1.0m=1.0M.) (a) The vapor pressure of the solvent over tube A is greater than the solvent pressure over tube B. (b) The freezing point of the solution in tube B is higher than the freezing point of the solution in tube A. (c) The freezing point of the solution in tube B is higher than the freezing point of the solution in tube C. (d) The boiling point of the solution in tube B is higher than the boiling point of the solution in tube C. (e) The osmotic pressure of the solution in tube B is greater than the osmotic pressure of the solution in tube C.
Instead of using NaCl to melt the ice on your sidewalk you decide to use CaCl2. If you add 35.0 g of CaCl2 to 150. g of water, what is the freezing point of the solution? (Assume i = 2.7 for CaCl2.)
A 12-oz (355-mL) Pepsi contains 38.9 mg caffeine (molar mass = 194.2 g/mol). Assume that the Pepsi, mainly water, has a density of 1.01 g/mL. For such a Pepsi, calculate: (a) its caffeine concentration in ppm; (b) its molarity of caffeine; and (c) the molality of caffeine.
Consider two solutions, A and B, separated by an osmotic semipermeable membrane that allows only water to pass through, as shown in the following diagram. Based on each of the following identities for solutions A and B, indicate whether the liquid level in compartment A, with time, will increase, decrease, or not change. a. A = 1.0 M NaCl solution and B = 2.0 M NaCl solution b. A = 5.0%(m/v) glucose solution and B = 4.0%(m/v) glucose solution c. A = 2.0 M KCl solution and B = 2.0 M KNO3 solution d. A = 1.0 M glucose solution and B = 1.0 M NaCl solution
Sodium chloride (NaCl) is commonly used to melt ice on roads during the winter. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) is sometimes used for this purpose too. Let us compare the effectiveness of equal masses of these two compounds in lowering the freezing point of water, by calculating the freezing point depression of solutions containing 200. g of each salt in 1.00 kg of water. (An advantage of CaCl2 is that it acts more quickly because it is hygroscopic, that is. it absorbs moisture from the air to give a solution and begin the process. A disadvantage is that this compound is more costly.)