Although painful experiences are involved in social rituals in many parts of the world, little is known about the social effects of pain. Will sharing a painful experience in a small group lead to greater bonding of group members than sharing a similar nonpainful experience? Fifty‑four university students in South Wales were divided at random into a pain group containing 27students and a no‑pain group containing the remaining 27 students. Pain was induced by two tasks. In the first task, students submerged their hands in freezing water for as long as possible, moving metal balls at the bottom of the vessel into a submerged container. In the second task, students performed a standing wall squat with back straight and knees at 90 degrees for as long as possible. The no‑pain group completed the first task using room temperature water for 90 seconds and the second task by balancing on one foot for 60 seconds, changing feet if necessary. In both the pain and no‑pain settings, the students completed the tasks in small groups which typically consisted of four students and contained similar levels of group interaction. Afterward, each student completed a questionnaire to create a bonding score based on responses to seven statements such as "I feel the participants in this study have a lot in common," or "I feel I can trust the other participants." Each response was scored on a five‑point scale (1= strongly disagree, 5= strongly agree), and the scores on the seven statements were averaged to create a bonding score for each subject. The table contains the bonding scores for the subjects in the two groups. No‑pain group Pain group 3.43 4.71 4.86 4.86 1.71 4.14 1.71 1.29 3.86 2.29 3.14 4.43 4.14 3.57 3.14 4.43 4.43 3.57 3.71 3.43 3.00 4.14 3.14 3.86 4.14 4.57 4.29 4.57 2.43 4.29 2.71 1.43 4.43 4.29 3.43 3.57 1.29 3.57 1.29 3.43 3.00 2.29 3.00 4.00 2.86 4.43 2.14 4.71 4.71 4.71 1.00 2.14 3.71 3.57 What are the outliers? Give your answers to two decimal places. Enter in order from smallest to largest. outlier 1 (smallest): outlier 2 (largest)
Although painful experiences are involved in social rituals in many parts of the world, little is known about the social effects of pain. Will sharing a painful experience in a small group lead to greater bonding of group members than sharing a similar nonpainful experience? Fifty‑four university students in South Wales were divided at random into a pain group containing 27students and a no‑pain group containing the remaining 27 students. Pain was induced by two tasks. In the first task, students submerged their hands in freezing water for as long as possible, moving metal balls at the bottom of the vessel into a submerged container. In the second task, students performed a standing wall squat with back straight and knees at 90 degrees for as long as possible. The no‑pain group completed the first task using room temperature water for 90 seconds and the second task by balancing on one foot for 60 seconds, changing feet if necessary. In both the pain and no‑pain settings, the students completed the tasks in small groups which typically consisted of four students and contained similar levels of group interaction. Afterward, each student completed a questionnaire to create a bonding score based on responses to seven statements such as "I feel the participants in this study have a lot in common," or "I feel I can trust the other participants." Each response was scored on a five‑point scale (1= strongly disagree, 5= strongly agree), and the scores on the seven statements were averaged to create a bonding score for each subject. The table contains the bonding scores for the subjects in the two groups.
| No‑pain group | Pain group |
|---|---|
| 3.43 | 4.71 |
| 4.86 | 4.86 |
| 1.71 | 4.14 |
| 1.71 | 1.29 |
| 3.86 | 2.29 |
| 3.14 | 4.43 |
| 4.14 | 3.57 |
| 3.14 | 4.43 |
| 4.43 | 3.57 |
| 3.71 | 3.43 |
| 3.00 | 4.14 |
| 3.14 | 3.86 |
| 4.14 | 4.57 |
| 4.29 | 4.57 |
| 2.43 | 4.29 |
| 2.71 | 1.43 |
| 4.43 | 4.29 |
| 3.43 | 3.57 |
| 1.29 | 3.57 |
| 1.29 | 3.43 |
| 3.00 | 2.29 |
| 3.00 | 4.00 |
| 2.86 | 4.43 |
| 2.14 | 4.71 |
| 4.71 | 4.71 |
| 1.00 | 2.14 |
| 3.71 | 3.57 |
What are the outliers? Give your answers to two decimal places. Enter in order from smallest to largest.
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