An article in the Journal of Applied Polymer Science (Vol. 56, pp. 471–476, 1995) studied the effect of the mole ratio of sebacic acid on the intrinsic viscosity of copolyesters.- The data follows: Viscosity 0.45 0.2 0.34 0.58 0.7 0.57 0.55 0.44 Mole ratio 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 (a) Construct a scatter diagram of the data.
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- An article in the ASCE Journal of Energy Engineering [“Overview of Reservoir Release Improvements at 20 TVA Dams” (Vol. 125, April 1999, pp. 1–17)] presents data on dissolved oxygen concentrations in streams below 20 dams in the Tennessee Valley Authority system. The observations are (in milligrams per liter):The efficiency ratio for a steel specimen immersed in a phosphating tank is the weight of the phosphate coating divided by the metal loss (both in mg/ft2). The article “Statistical Process Control of a Phosphate Coating Line” (Wire J. Intl., May 1997: 78–81) gave the accompanying data on tank temperature (x) and efficiency ratio (y).Temp. 170 172 173 174 174 175 176Ratio .84 1.31 1.42 1.03 1.07 1.08 1.04Temp. 177 180 180 180 180 180 181Ratio 1.80 1.45 1.60 1.61 2.13 2.15 .84Temp. 181 182 182 182 182 184 184Ratio 1.43 .90 1.81 1.94 2.68 1.49 2.52Temp. 185 186 188Ratio 3.00 1.87 3.08a. Construct stem-and-leaf displays of both temperature and efficiency ratio, and comment on interesting features.b. Is the value of efficiency ratio completely and uniquely determined by tank temperature? Explain your reasoning.c. Construct a scatterplot of the data. Does it appear that efficiency ratio could be very well predicted by the value of temperature? Explain your reasoning.) The following table shows 10 communities ranked by decayed, missing, or filled (DMF) teeth per 100 children and fluoride concentration in ppm in the public water supply: Rank by DMF Teeth FluorideCommunity per 100 children X Concentration Y 1 8 1 2 9 3 3 7 4 4 3 9 5 2 8 6 4 77 1…
- The vapor pressure of 1-chlorotetradecane at several temperatures are tabulated below. T (ºC) P∗ mm Hg 98.5 1 131.8 5 148.2 10 166.2 20 199.8 60 215.5 100 What error is there in using two-point linear interpolation to find the value of vapor pressure at 185ºC?Periodically, the county Water Department tests the drinking water of homeowners for contaminants such as lead and copper. The lead and copper levels in water specimens collected in 1998 for a sample of 10 residents of a subdevelopement of the county are shown below. lead (μμg/L) copper (mg/L) 4.4 0.643 2.4 0.57 1.5 0.46 2.6 0.895 5.9 0.2 3.4 0.54 3.8 0.245 1.6 0.583 5.7 0.769 1.7 0.215 (a) Construct a 9999% confidence interval for the mean lead level in water specimans of the subdevelopment. ≤μ≤Periodically, the county Water Department tests the drinking water of homeowners for contaminants such as lead and copper. The lead and copper levels in water specimens collected in 1998 for a sample of 10 residents of a subdevelopement of the county are shown below. lead (μμg/L) copper (mg/L) 4.44.4 0.6430.643 2.42.4 0.570.57 1.51.5 0.460.46 2.62.6 0.8950.895 5.95.9 0.20.2 3.43.4 0.540.54 3.83.8 0.2450.245 1.61.6 0.5830.583 5.75.7 0.7690.769 1.71.7 0.2150.215 (a) Construct a 9999% confidence interval for the mean lead level in water specimans of the subdevelopment. ≤μ≤≤μ≤ (b) Construct a 9999% confidence interval for the mean copper level in water specimans of the subdevelopment. ≤μ≤≤μ≤
- An article in the Journal of Environmental Engineering (1989, Vol. 115(3), pp. 608–619) reported the results of a study on the occurrence of sodium and chloride in surface streams in central Rhode Island. The following data are chloride concentration y (in milligrams per liter) and roadway area in the watershed x (in percentage).In a detailed study of the productivity of a laboratory, the age distribution of its workers was analyzed, and the results were as follows, the kurtosis coefficient is equal toThe aging Neotropical termites (Neocapritermes taracua) secrete a sticky, blue-colored liquid that they spew to intruding termites. The younger Neotropical termites secrete a liquid that lacks the blue component, so it is white in appearance. In an experiment that measured the toxicity of the blue substance, the researchers placed one drop of either the blue liquid or the white liquid on individuals of a second termite species, Labiotermes labralis. Of the 41 Labiotermes labralis that got the blue drop, 37 were immobilized. Of the 40 Labiotermes labralis that got the white drop, 9 were immobilized. Is the blue liquid toxic compared to the white liquid?
- Below are pupil sizes from two samples: 8 men and 8 women (measured in millimeters). Test the hypothesis that thee is a difference in pupil sizes between males and females, using an alpha level of .01. Males Females 7.7 8.9 7.5 8.7 6.9 9.0 7.8 8.8 7.7 7.9 6.9 8.8 4.5 9.0 7.5 9.0 What is the Critical Value?Consider the following 10 measurements about the cohesion of a soil: 12 kPa, 14 kPa, 15 kPa, 14.5 kPa, 16.0 kPa, 18 kPa, 15 kPa, 16.2 kPa, 17. 6 kPa, 13 kPa. Work out the solutions of the following two problems, assuming the cohesion follows the normal and lognormal distributions, respectively. (1) Draw the PDF of the cohesion; (2) Evaluate the probability that the cohesion based on the PDF is less than 5 kPa, 10 kPa, and 15 kPa; (3) Assess the effect of the type of distribution on the results.The article “Effect of Varying Solids Concentration and Organic Loading on the Performance of Temperature Phased Anaerobic Digestion Process” (S. Vandenburgh and T. Ellis, Water Environment Research, 2002:142–148) discusses experiments to determine the effect of the solids concentration on the performance of treatment methods for wastewater sludge. In the first experiment, the concentration of solids (in g/L) was 43.94 ± 1.18. In the second experiment, which was independent of the first, the concentration was 48.66 ± 1.76. Estimate the difference in the concentration between the two experiments, and find the uncertainty in the estimate.