College Physics 1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168000
Author: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
1 Introduction: The Nature Of Science And Physics 2 Kinematics 3 Two-dimensional Kinematics 4 Dynamics: Force And Newton's Laws Of Motion 5 Further Applications Of Newton's Laws: Friction, Drag, And Elasticity 6 Uniform Circular Motion And Gravitation 7 Work, Energy, And Energy Resources 8 Linear Momentum And Collisions 9 Statics And Torque 10 Rotational Motion And Angular Momentum 11 Fluid Statics 12 Fluid Dynamics And Its Biological And Medical Applications 13 Temperature, Kinetic Theory, And The Gas Laws 14 Heat And Heat Transfer Methods 15 Thermodynamics 16 Oscillatory Motion And Waves 17 Physics Of Hearing 18 Electric Charge And Electric Field 19 Electric Potential And Electric Field 20 Electric Current, Resistance, And Ohm's Law 21 Circuits And Dc Instruments 22 Magnetism 23 Electromagnetic Induction, Ac Circuits, And Electrical Technologies 24 Electromagnetic Waves 25 Geometric Optics 26 Vision And Optical Instruments 27 Wave Optics 28 Special Relativity 29 Introduction To Quantum Physics 30 Atomic Physics 31 Radioactivity And Nuclear Physics 32 Medical Applications Of Nuclear Physics 33 Particle Physics 34 Frontiers Of Physics Chapter28: Special Relativity
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1CQ: Which of Einstein's postulates of special relativity includes a concept that does not fit with the... Problem 2CQ: Is Earth an inertial frame of reference? Is the Sun? Justify your response. Problem 3CQ: When you are flying in a commercial jet, it may appear to you that the airplane is stationary and... Problem 4CQ: Does motion affect the rate of a clock as measured by an observer moving with it? Does motion affect... Problem 5CQ: To whom does the elapsed time for a process seem to be longer, an observer moving relative to the... Problem 6CQ: How could you travel far into the future without aging significantly? Could this method also allow... Problem 7CQ: To does an object seem greater in length, an observer moving with the object or an observer moving... Problem 8CQ: Relativistic effects such as time dilation and length contraction are present for cars and... Problem 9CQ: Suppose an astronaut is moving relative to the Earth at a significant fraction of the speed of... Problem 10CQ: Explain the meaning of the terms "red shift" and 'blue shift" as they relate to the relativistic... Problem 11CQ: What happens to the relativistic Doppler effect when relative velocity is zero? Is this the expected... Problem 12CQ: Is the relativistic Doppler effect consistent with the classical Doppler effect in the respect that... Problem 13CQ: All galaxies farther away than about 50106ly exhibit a red shift in their emitted light that is... Problem 14CQ: How does modern relativity modify the law of conservation of momentum? Problem 15CQ: Is it possible for an external force to be acting on a system and relativistic momentum to be... Problem 16CQ: How are the classical laws of conservation of energy and conservation of mass modified by modern... Problem 17CQ: What happens to the mass of water in a pot when it cools, assuming no molecules escape or are added?... Problem 18CQ: Consider a thought experiment. You place an expanded balloon of air on weighing scales outside in... Problem 19CQ: The mass of the fuel in a nuclear reactor decreases by an observable amount as it puts out energy.... Problem 20CQ: We know that the velocity of an object with mass has an upper limit of C. Is there an upper limit on... Problem 21CQ: Given the fact that light travels at c, can it have mass? Explain. Problem 22CQ: If you use an Earth-based telescope to project a laser beam onto the Moon, you can move the spot... Problem 1PE: (a) What is if v=0.250c ? (b) If v=0.500c ? Problem 2PE: (a) What is if v=0.100c ? (b) If v=0.900c ? Problem 3PE: Particles called -mesons are produced by accelerator beams. If these particles travel at 2.70108... Problem 4PE: Suppose a particle called a kaon is created by cosmic radiation striking the atmosphere. It moves by... Problem 5PE: A neutral -meson is a particle that can be created by accelerator beams. If one such particle lives... Problem 6PE: A neutron lives 900 s when at rest relative to an observer. How fast is the neutron moving relative... Problem 7PE: If relativistic effects are to be less than 1%, then must be less than 1.01. At what relative... Problem 8PE: If relativistic effects are to be less than 3%, then must be less than 1.03. At what relative... Problem 9PE: (a) At what relative velocity is =1.50 ? (b) At what relative velocity is =100 ? Problem 10PE: (a) At what relative velocity is =2.00 ? (b) At what relative velocity is =10.0 ? Problem 11PE: Unreasonable Results (a) Find the value of for the following situation. An Earth-bound observer... Problem 12PE: A spaceship, 200 m long as seen on board, moves by the Earth at 0.970c. What is its length as... Problem 13PE: How fast would a 6.0 m-long sports car have to be going past you in order for it to appear only 5.5... Problem 14PE: (a) How far does the muon in Example 28.1 travel according to the Earth-bound observer? (b) How far... Problem 15PE: (a) How long would the muon in Example 28.1 have lived as observed on the Earth if its velocity was... Problem 16PE: (a) How long does it take the astronaut in Example 28.2 to travel 4.30 ly at 0.99944c (as measured... Problem 17PE: (a) How fast would an athlete need to be running for a 100-m race to look 100 yd long? (b) Is the... Problem 18PE: Unreasonable Results (a) Find the value of for the following situation. An astronaut measures the... Problem 19PE: Unreasonable Results A spaceship is heading directly toward the Earth at a velocity of 0.800c. The... Problem 20PE: Suppose a spaceship heading straight towards the Earth at 0.750c can shoot a canister at 0.500c... Problem 21PE: Repeat the previous problem with the ship heading directly away from the Earth. Problem 22PE: If a spaceship is approaching the Earth at 0.100c and a message capsule is sent toward it at 0.100c... Problem 23PE: (a) Suppose the speed of light were only 3000 m/s. A jet fighter moving toward a target on the... Problem 24PE: If a galaxy moving away from the Earth has a speed of 1000 km/s and emits 656 nm light... Problem 25PE: A space probe speeding towards the nearest star moves at 0.250c and sends radio information at a... Problem 26PE: If two spaceships are heading directly towards each other at 0.800c, at what speed must a canister... Problem 27PE: Two planets are on a collision course, heading directly towards each other at 0.250c. A spaceship... Problem 28PE: When a missile is shot from one spaceship towards another, it leaves the first at 0.950c and... Problem 29PE: What is the relative velocity of two spaceships if one fires a missile at the other at 0.750c and... Problem 30PE: Near the center of our galaxy, hydrogen gas is moving directly away from us in its orbit about a... Problem 31PE: A highway patrol officer uses a device that measures the speed of vehicles by bouncing radar off... Problem 32PE: Prove that for any relative velocity v between two observers, a beam of light sent from one to the... Problem 33PE: Show that for any relative velocity v between two observers, a beam of light projected by one... Problem 34PE: (a) All but the closest galaxies are receding from our own Milky Way Galaxy. If a galaxy 12.0109ly... Problem 35PE: Find the momentum of a helium nucleus having a mass of 6.681027 kg that is moving at 0.200c. Problem 36PE: What is the momentum of an electron traveling at 0.980c? Problem 37PE: (a) Find the momentum of a 1.00109 kg asteroid heading towards the Earth at 30.0 km/s. (b) Find the... Problem 38PE: (a) What is the momentum of a 2000 kg satellite orbiting at 4.00 km/s? (b) Find the ratio of this... Problem 39PE: What is the velocity of an electron that has a momentum of 3.041021kgm/s ? Note that you must... Problem 40PE: Find the velocity of a proton that has a momentum of 4.481019kgm/s. Problem 41PE: (a) Calculate the speed of a 1.00- g particle of dust that has the same momentum as a proton moving... Problem 42PE: (a) Calculate for a proton that has a momentum of 1.00 kgm/s. (b) What is its speed? Such protons... Problem 43PE: What is the rest energy of an electron, given its mass is 9.111031 kg? Give your answer in joules... Problem 44PE: Find the rest energy in joules and MeV of a proton, given its mass is 1.671027 kg. Problem 45PE: If the rest energies of a proton and a neutron (the two constituents of nuclei) are 938.3 and 939.6... Problem 46PE: The Big Bang that began the universe is estimated to have released 1068 J of energy. How many stars... Problem 47PE: A supernova explosion of a 2.001031 kg star produces 1.001044 J of energy. (a) How many kilograms of... Problem 48PE: (a) Using data from Table 7.1, calculate the mass converted to energy by the fission of 1.00 kg of... Problem 49PE: (a) Using data from Table 7.1, calculate the amount of mass converted to energy by the fusion of... Problem 50PE: There is approximately 1034 J of energy available from fusion of hydrogen in the world's oceans. (a)... Problem 51PE: A muon has a rest mass energy of 105.7 MeV, and it decays into an electron and a massless particle.... Problem 52PE: A -meson is a particle that decays into a muon and a massless particle. The -meson has a rest mass... Problem 53PE: (a) Calculate the relativistic kinetic energy of a 1000-kg car moving at 30.0 m/s if the speed of... Problem 54PE: Alpha decay is nuclear decay in which a helium nucleus is emitted. If the helium nucleus has a mass... Problem 55PE: (a) Beta decay is nuclear decay in which an electron is emitted. If the electron is given 0.750 MeV... Problem 56PE: A positron is an antimatter version of the electron, having exactly the same mass. When a positron... Problem 57PE: What is the kinetic energy in MeV of a -meson that lives 1.401016 s as measured in the laboratory,... Problem 58PE: Find the kinetic energy in MeV of a neutron with a measured life span of 2065 s, given its rest... Problem 59PE: (a) Show that (pc)2/(m c 2)2=21. This means that at large velocities pcmc2. (b) Is Epc when =30.0,... Problem 60PE: One cosmic ray neutron has a velocity of 0.250c relative to the Earth. (a) What is the neutron's... Problem 61PE: What is for a proton having a mass energy of 938.3 MeV accelerated through an effective potential... Problem 62PE: (a) What is the effective accelerating potential for electrons at the Stanford Linear Accelerator,... Problem 63PE: (a) Using data from Table 7.1, find the mass destroyed when the energy in a barrel of crude oil is... Problem 64PE: (a) Calculate the energy released by the destruction of 1.00 kg of mass. (b) How many kilograms... Problem 65PE: A Van de Graaff accelerator utilizes a 50.0 MV potential difference to accelerate charged particles... Problem 66PE: Suppose you use an average of 500kWh of electric energy per month in your home. (a) How long would... Problem 67PE: (a) A nuclear power plant converts energy from nuclear fission into electricity with an efficiency... Problem 68PE: Nuclear-powered rockets were researched for some years before safety concerns became paramount. (a)... Problem 69PE: The Sun produces energy at a rate of 4.001026 W by the fusion of hydrogen. (a) How many kilograms of... Problem 70PE: Unreasonable Results A proton has a mass of 1.671027 kg. A physicist measures the proton's total... Problem 71PE: Construct Your Own Problem Consider a highly relativistic particle. Discuss what is meant by the... Problem 72PE: Construct Your Own Problem Consider an astronaut traveling to another star at a relativistic... Problem 15CQ: Is it possible for an external force to be acting on a system and relativistic momentum to be...
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Concept explainers
An electron is emitted in beta decay of radioactive caesium It has mass 9.109X10^-31. and is moving with a speed of 0.75c. Determine and compare the relativistic and classical momentum of an electron. The speed of light in vacuum is 3.0·108 m/s. draw diagram to assist.
Definition Definition Rate at which light travels, measured in a vacuum. The speed of light is a universal physical constant used in many areas of physics, most commonly denoted by the letter c . The value of the speed of light c = 299,792,458 m/s, but for most of the calculations, the value of the speed of light is approximated as c = 3 x 10 8 m/s.
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