An industry has two firms, a leader and a follower. The demand curve for the industry's output is given by p = 100 - 5q, where q is total industry output. Each firm has zero marginal cost. The leader chooses his quantity first, knowing that the follower will observe the leader's choice and choose his quantity to maximize profits, given the quantity produced by the leader. What output will the leader choose?
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- In a market with a single price-making firm with total costc(y) = 2y, the industry demand is givenbyQ= 100−2p. a) Find the inverse industry demand by solving forp, then graph the inverse industry demandwith price on they-axis. b) How do you expect the price of the good to be relative to its marginal cost?c) How do you expect the Lerner Index to be in relation to 0 and 1? Will it be 0? Will it be 1? d) Find the optimal supply and the equilibrium price in this market. Does the price match yourexpectations? e) Calculate the Lerner Index and mark-up in this market. Does this match your expectationsfor the Lerner Index?1. Two firms (A and B) play a competition game (i.e. Cournot) in which they can choose any Qi from 0 to ¥. The firms have the same cost functions C(Qi) = 10Qi + 0.5Qi2, and thus MCi = 10 + Qi. They face a market demand curve of P = 220 – (QA + QB). a. Assume firm A chooses quantity first. Frim B observes this choice and then chooses its own quantity. What is Frim B's profit as a function of QA and QB? b. Firm B has MRB = 220 – 2QB – QA. What is firm B’s best response to an arbitrary QA selected by firm A? c. Given that firm A expects firm B’s best response, what is firm A’s profit as a function of QA? (Hint: the only unknown variable in the profit function should be QA) d. Firm A has MRA = 150 – 4QA/3. What are the equilibrium QA and QB selected in this game? e. What is the equilibrium price, and how much profit does each firm collect?Two firms facing a demand curve are P = 50 -5Qwhere Q = Q1 + Q2. The cost functions of the two firms are:C1(Q1) = 20 + 10Q1C2(C2) = 10 + 12Q2Based on this information:a. Suppose both companies have entered the industry, then what is the price?and the profit-maximizing amount for the two firms under conditionsperfectly competitive market?b. What is the quantity, price and profit of the two firms ifcompanies collude in pricing?c. What are the quantities, prices, and profits of the two firms if theydo the Cournot strategy, and draw the reaction curves of the twothe company?d. What are the quantity, price, and profit of the two firms if theycarry out the stakeberg strategy.
- If a market has few barriers to entry and manyfirms, how might firms still have positive economic profit? Describe a strategy a firm in thistype of market might use to maintain economicprofitsFirms J and K produce compact-disc players and compete againstone another. Each firm can develop either an economy player (E)or a deluxe player (D). According to the best available marketresearch, the firms’ resulting profits are given by the accompanyingpayoff table.a. The firms make their decision independently, and each is seeking itsown maximum profit. Is it possible to make a confident predictionconcerning their actions and the outcome? Explain.Firm KE DE 30, 55 50, 60 Firm JD 40, 75 25, 50b. Suppose that firm J has a lead in development and so can move first.What action should J take, and what will be K’s response?c. What will be the outcome if firm K can move first?Consider a competitive industry with a large number of firms, all ofwhich have identical cost functions c(y) = y2 + 1 for y > 0 and c(0) = 0. Supposethat initially the demand curve for this industry is given by D(p) = 52 − p.(a) What is the supply curve of an individual firm?(b) If there are n number of firms, what is the industry supply curve?(c) What is the smallest price at which the product can be sold?(d) Based on your answers to parts (a)-(c), explain in detail theequilibrium points based on the market activity with respect to the price, firmand industry.
- Suppose a monopoly market has a demand function in whichquantity demanded depends not only on market price (P) butalso on the amount of advertising the firm does (A, measuredin dollars). The specific form of this function isQ =(20 - P2) (1 + 0.1A - 0.01A2).The monopolistic firm’s cost function is given byC = 10Q + 15 + A.a. Suppose there is no advertising (A = 0). What outputwill the profit-maximizing firm choose? What market price will this yield? What will be the monopoly’sprofits?b. Now let the firm also choose its optimal level of advertising expenditure. In this situation, what output levelwill be chosen? What price will this yield? What will thelevel of advertising be? What are the firm’s profits in thiscase? Hint: This can be worked out most easily by assuming the monopoly chooses the profit-maximizing pricerather than quantity.The market inverse demandfor salt is P(Q) = 1000−10Q. There are n firms producing salt, each with the sameconstant marginal cost c. Show that as n increases, the market gets closer to efficiency.COURSE: MICROECONOMICS - PERFECT COMPETITION AND MONOPOLY (RESUBMITION QUESTION) We appreciate a perfect competition market where there is a predetermined limit number of firms with 20 total firms.Each has the cost function such that: CTi = qi2 + 4qi + 3 where qi indicates numbers of firms (i = 20) The demand in the market is: Q = 100 - 4pa) What is the individual supply of each firm?b) What is the supply of the whole industry?c) Obtain the market equilibriumIn the case where a new firm intended to enter a monopolist's market:(a) What kind of legitimate entry barriers can the firm face understanding the nature of the market it wishes to enter?b) What type of anticompetitive barriers could the firm already in the market present?
- Suppose that the market for e-readers is an oligopoly controlled by Amazon.com , Barnes and Noble,Sony, and Apple. Barnes and Noble is consideringincreasing its output. How would this affect themarket price? How would it affect the profits ofeach company?Two firms dominate the market for surgical sutures and competeaggressively with respect to research and development. The followingpayoff table depicts the profit implications of their different R&Dstrategies.a. Suppose that no communication is possible between the firms; eachmust choose its R&D strategy independently of the other. Whatactions will the firms take, and what is the outcome?b. If the firms can communicate before setting their R&D strategies,what outcome will occur? Explain.Firm B’s R&D SpendingLow Medium HighLow 8, 11 6, 12 5, 14Firm A’s R&D Medium 12, 9 8, 10 6, 8 SpendingHigh 11, 6 10, 8 4, 6Ms. Clairvoyant is a psychic. As the twin sister of Ms. Aura she faces the same demand curve given by Q=2500-5P which corresponds to the marginal revenue curve MR=500-0.4Q. Assume that she has an annual fixed cost of $500 and that she incurs a cost of $50 per session. 1. Calculate Ms. Clairvoyant's profit. 2. Now assume that several new firms enter into the psychic market so that Ms. Clairvoyant loses any market power she may have had with setting price per session. Calculate Ms. Clairvoyant's profits for this scenario. 3. Draw a graph to indicate the equilibria for these two output markets. 4. Comparing the situation in questions 1 and 2 what can you infer about the level of economic efficiency in these markets? Are any of these output markets Pareto optimal? Explain. Please answer all parts.