Anaerobic glycolysis (i.e., lactic acid fermentation) produces pyruvate that is then converted to lactate through the activity of lactate dehydrogenase. The conversion of pyruvate to lactate would seem to be an unnecessary step, since this process does not result in any further release of energy. Explain the necessity for the production of lactate as the endpoint for anaerobic glycolysis.

Q: What are the products of the following reaction?

A: Isocitrate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that is used in the reaction of isocitrate.

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A: The process of synthesis of glucose from pyruvate by biomolecules is called Gluconeogenesis. Glucose…

Q: For every one glucose molecules, how many high energy molecules are formed in citric acid cycle?…

A: Citric acid cycle is an important metabolic pathway taking place in aerobic organism involving a…

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A: During cellular respiration, a glucose molecule is gradually broken down into carbon dioxide and…

Q: the following, explain whether it is in the oxidized or reduced form & then write the full name of…

A: Coenzyme is an organic non-protein compound that binds with an enzyme to catalyze a reaction. It…

Q: Consider the docosanoic acid, C21H43CO2H Label the alpha and beta Carbons. Draw each acyl CoA…

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Q: Which yields more energy upon hydrolysis, ATP or glycerol 1-phosphate? Why?

A: Hydrolysis is the process of breaking or cleavage of molecule into small molecules or components.…

Q: The enzyme catalysts for which gene expression levels are increased during gluconeogenesis in the…

A: The given options are,

Q: The glycolysis pathway is shown. Place the enzymes used in each of the ten labeled steps of the…

A:

Q: D. The following reactions are encountered in the metabolic cycles. Give the main class of enzymes…

A: The enzymes that catalyzes the following reaction is given below.

Q: What are the products of the following reaction? NAD+ + isocitrate dehydrogenase

A: Isocitrate dehydrogenase is used in the citric acid cycle as a digestive enzyme. Its main function…

Q: Which of the following correctly describes oxidative phosphorylation? O Electrons moved from protein…

A: Oxidative phosphorylation is defined as the most systematic method used for generating high amount…

Q: 10. The breakdown of glycogen to glucose is called O a. glycogenesis Ob. gluconeogenesis O c.…

A: In this question, we will Identify which process is used from breaking of Glycogen to glucose  You…

Q: Trypanosomes living in the bloodstream obtain all their free energy from glycolysis. They take up…

A: Ans) Glycerol Phosphate oxidase system is the important pathway using which the trypanosome is able…

Q: What is the substrate for pyruvate dehydrogenase? a. pyruvic acid b. water c. hydrogen d.…

A: pyruvate dehydrogenase is an enzyme which is used in pyruvate oxidation (1st step of oxidation of 6…

Q: The rate-limiting step is a metabolic pathway is the slowest step which determines the overall rate…

A: The rate limiting step of the gluconeogenesis is the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to…

Q: knowing how glycolysis works and the action of its enzymes, what would the structures of the…

A: fuculose-1-phosphate aldolase  is a biocatalyst or enzyme that catalyse Biochemical reaction.

Q: At what stage do other monosaccharides, other than glucose (fructose, galactose) enter glycolysis?…

A: Fructose is phosphorylated to form fructose-6-phosphate. The aldol cleavage of this product results…

Q: Stearic acid is the common name for the C18 straight-chain, saturated fatty acid. Draw the structure…

A: Beta oxidation: A process that involves the degradation/catabolism of fatty acid. It actually…

Q: In the conversion of a-ketoglutarate to glucose, which of the following compounds are not obligatory…

A: To find: The compounds which are not the obligatory intermediate in the conversion of…

Q: . Each gram of mammalian skeletal muscle consumes ATP at a rate of about 1x 10-3 mol/min during…

A: a Determine the time taken for consumption of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) alone: The concentration…

Q: Match the coenzymes and/or substrates with their corresponding glycolytic enzymes. Note that an…

A: Here the coenzyme or substrates are ATP, NAD+,Dihydroxy acetone phosphate and their glycolytic…

Q: Glucose units cleaved from glycogen by the phosphorylase: are phosphorylated at the C1 position by…

A: Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of  glycogen  to glucose-1-phosphate.

Q: Place the steps of glycolysis in the order that they occur. Last step Answer Bank Glucose is…

A:

Q: 1. Identify the chemical reactions and coenzymes used in each step of glycolysis. 2.  In which steps…

A: Answer for the first question: Glycolysis is the linear sequence of reactions by which glucose is…

Q: How does the concentration of NADH affect the rate of the citric acid cycle? Explain in 1 sentence.

A: Isocitrate dehydrogenase is allosterically stimulated by ADP, which enhances the enzyme's affinity…

Q: 1. Give a schematic depiction of the pentose phosphate pathway showing the break down of 6 carbon…

A: Please find the below attachments.   Please rate.......................   Thank you.

Q: What is the function of FAD in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex or PDC is the complex of three enzymes which converts pyruvate to…

Q: What is the effect of increased ATP and NADH on glycolysis and the Krebs cycle

A: ATP inhibits the phosphofructokinase reaction by raising the K m for fructose‐6‐phosphate. AMP…

Q: The of NAD to NADH usually involves a/n hydrogenation, hydratase protonation, ATPase oxidation,…

A: Addition of H+ with NAD+ to form NADH is known as reduction. Here one H+ ion along with 2 elections…

Q: Exhibit A: Consider the reaction of alcohol dehydrogenase. CH3CH2OH + NAD* CH3CHO + NADH + H*…

A: Molecule which looses electrons that is is oxidised and molecule which gain electron that is…

Q: 12. Protein catabolism can yield which of the following: 1. Complex carbohydrates 2. Glucose 3. Free…

A: Protein catabolism is the breakdown of proteins into smaller peptides and ultimately into amino…

Q: For each of the metabolic transformations in (a) through (h) below, determine whether oxidation or…

A: We are authorized to answer three subparts at a time, since you have not mentioned which part you…

Q: In the presence of excess oxygen, a complete oxidation of nine molecules of glucose into carbon…

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Q: Which enzyme is involved in the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate?   a. enolase   b.…

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Q: Assume that 2.5 ATPS are generated per NADH and 1.5 ATPS per FADH What is the total number of ATPS…

A: Since, NADH produced 2.5 ATPs  and FADH2 produced 1.5 ATPs. So, total number of ATPs generated from…

Q: Glucose 6-phosphate is in a pivotal position in metabolism. Depending on conditions, glucose…

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A: Energy is capacity to doing work. ATP is the primary carrier of energy in cells. It captures…

Q: How many moledule of ATP can form from the break down of 1 molecule of gluose under aerobic…

A: There are two types of glycolysis -aerobic and anaerobic.

Q: A few hours after the death of an animal, the corpse will stiffen as a result of continued…

A:

Q: What is the main aspect that the enzymes succinyl-CoA synthetase, pyruvate kinase, and…

A: Succinyl coA synthetase is the enzyme involved in the conversion of succinyl coA to succinate.…

Q: Gluconeogenesis is the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate molecules. Which of the following…

A: Biochemistry is branch of chemistry in which we relate the biology with chemistry.

Q: When one glucose molecule undergoes glycolysis, it generates net _____ ATP and ______NADH.

A: Net ATP and NADH generated by glycolysis of 1 glucose molecule:

Q: List the energy yield in ATP molecules for each of the following: FADH2→FADFADH2→FAD…

A:

Q: The catabolism of several amino acids generates succinyl-CoA. Describe the series of reactions that…

A: The reaction scheme is generally framed by considering the factors like atom availability and…

Q: Which process below produces FADH2? The citric acid cycle The conversion of pyruvate Oxidative…

A:

Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways

Metabolic pathways allude to the arrangement of chemical catalyzed reactions that lead to the transformation of a substance into the final product. Metabolic pathways incorporate a progression of reaction where the substrate is changed continuously and the transitional metabolites are persistently recovered.

Glucogenesis

Glucogenesis is a metabolic pathway in which glucose is produced from carbon substrates that are not carbohydrates. This process is observed in plants, animals, fungi, bacteria and other micro organisms. The general  definition for glucogenesis or gluconeogenesis is as follows,