As a general rule, the more similar a firm's product is to those of its rivals, the more intense______ will be, and the ______ likely customers will be to switch between sellers. non-price competition; less O price competition; less O price competition; more non-price competition; more
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- Need answer for part b only Zeus and Iron are the only two cement producers in Gotham. The cement they produce is essentially identical. In this market, each firm chooses the output level to produce and the price is determined by aggregate output (Cournot competition). The inverse demand for cement is given by P = 225 − Q/2 . Q is measured in tons and P is in euros. The marginal cost for Zeus is constant at 50 euros/ton. The respective cost for Iron is constant at 40 euros/ton. A technological innovation in the production process allows both firms to reduce marginal cost by 5 euros/ton. a) How much would each firm be willing to pay for the innovation, if it were the only firm to acquire it? b) Consider a situation where firms’ managers, simultaneously and non-cooperatively decide whether to acquire the innovation or not, which costs 900 euros, and then compete in quantities. What is the equilibrium of this game, based on its payoff matrix?Consider a duopoly market with 2 firms. Aggregate demand in this market is given by Q = 500 – P, where P is the price on the market. Q is total market output, i.e., Q = QA + QB, where QA is the output by Firm A and QB is the output by Firm B. For both firms, marginal cost is given by MCi = 20, i=A,B. Assume the firms compete a la Cournot. What are the equilibrium quantities? What is the total quantity supplied on this market? What is the equilibrium price in this market?Two firms engage in Cournot competition in the Everlasting Gobstopper industry. The price elasticity of demand is-2. Firm 1 has aconstant marginal cost of $110.00 per unit, and firm 2 has a constant marginal cost of $181.50 per unit. If the two firms are currently inequilibrium, what is firm 2's share of the market? Enter your answer as a decimal, rounded to two places if necessary.______ Please show all steps
- only typed answer The inverse demand for a homogeneous-product Stackelberg duopoly is P = 26,000 −4Q. The cost structures for the leader and the follower, respectively, are CL(QL) = 2,000QL and CF (QF) = 4,000QF. a. What is the follower’s reaction function? QF = − QL b. Determine the equilibrium output level for both the leader and the follower. Leader output: Follower output: c. Determine the equilibrium market price. $ d. Determine the profits of the leader and the follower. Leader profits: $ Follower profits: $1. Two firms compete in a market to sell a homogeneous product with inversedemand function P = 960-6Q. Each firm produces at a constant marginal cost of$60 and has no fixed costs.a. Assuming perfect competition, computei. Equilibrium price and quantityii. Profits and producer surplusiii. Consumer surplus and total surplusb. Assuming Cournot duopoly, computei. Reaction functions for each firmii. Profits of each firmiii. Consumer surplusiv. Total welfare loss relative to perfect competition (if any)c. Assuming the firms collude and act as a monopolist, computei. Equilibrium price and quantityii. Total profitsiii. Consumer surplusiv. Total welfare loss relative to perfect competition (if any)d. Rank the output quantities, profits, and total welfare by the three marketstructures aboveIn a market with a single price-making firm with total costc(y) = 2y, the industry demand is givenbyQ= 100−2p. a) Find the inverse industry demand by solving forp, then graph the inverse industry demandwith price on they-axis. b) How do you expect the price of the good to be relative to its marginal cost?c) How do you expect the Lerner Index to be in relation to 0 and 1? Will it be 0? Will it be 1? d) Find the optimal supply and the equilibrium price in this market. Does the price match yourexpectations? e) Calculate the Lerner Index and mark-up in this market. Does this match your expectationsfor the Lerner Index?
- Assume that annual inverse demand for a particular product is P=150-Q. The product is offered by a pair of Bertrand competitors, each with marginal costs of $75. The discount factor is 0.9. What is the current equilibrium price and total surplus? Now, assume though that if R&D is conducted at rate x, it incurs one-off costs of r(x)=10x^2 and reduces the marginal costs to (75-x). Suppose that one firm decides to conduct R&D at rate x=10. This research will be protected by a patent of T years. a) What profit(ignoring the one-off costs of R&D) does the innovating firm make each year during the period of patent protection? b) What is the new equilibrium price and total surplus once patent protection expires? c) Use your answer above to write the total surplus from the innovationWhile there is a degree of differentiation between major grocery chains like Albertsons and Kroger, theregular offering of sale prices by both firms for many of their products provides evidence that these firmsengage in price competition. For markets where Albertsons and Kroger are the dominant grocers, thissuggests that these two stores simultaneously announce one of two prices for a given product: a regularprice or a sale price. Suppose that when one firm announces the sale price and the other announces theregular price for a particular product, the firm announcing the sale price attracts 1000 extra customers toearn a profit of $5000, compared to the $3000 earned by the firm announcing the regular price. Whenboth firms announced the sale price, the two firms split the market equally (each getting an extra 500customers) to earn profits of $2000 each. When both firms announced the regular price, each companyattracts only its 1500 loyal customers and the firms each earned $4500 in…Two firms are engaged in Cournot (simultaneous quantity) competition. Market-level inverse demand is given by P = 160 − 4Q Firm 1 has constant marginal costs of MC1 = 8, while Firm 2 has constant marginal costs of MC2 = 24. 1) Does there exist a low enough positive marginal cost for firm 1 such that firm 1 acts like a monopoly in this market, if so what is the MC if not why?
- consider a market with inverse demand P(Q) = 10 − Q and two firms with cost curves C1(q1) = 2q1 and C2(q2) = 2q2 (that is, they have the same marginal costs and no fixed costs). They compete by choosing quantities. Suppose that Firm 1 chooses quantity first and is able to credibly commit to this choice. Then firm 2 choose its quantity after observing firm 1’s quantity. In the SPNE of this game, what is the price faced by consumers?- p = 3- p = 4- p = 5- p = 6- p = 7The inverse demand for a homogenerous-product STakelberg duopoly is P=18,000-5Q. The cost structures for the leader and the follower, respectively, are CL(QL=2,000QLand CF(QF)=4000Qf. What is the follower's reaction function? Determine equilibrium output level for both leader and follower. Determine the equilibrium market price. Determin the profits of the leader and the follower. Please answer correct please asap please Don't answer by pen paper plzIn 2006, the five leading suppliers of digital cameras in the United States were Canon,Sony, Kodak, Olympus, and Samsung. The combined market share of these five firmswas 60.9 percent. The leading firm was Canon, with a market share of 18.7 percent. Theown price elasticity for Canon’s cameras was –4.0 and the market elasticity of demandwas –1.6. Suppose that in 2006, the average retail price of a Canon digital camera was$240 and that Canon’s marginal cost was $180 per camera. Suppose you were the CEO of Kodak, what would you do to avoid its business failure? Please apply the specific tools from managerial economics to the case analysis