Assume that you discovered Caenorhabditis elegans that crawl significantly slower than others. How would you determine whether this behavior was due to an injury from the environment or to an inherited trait? A goal of using animal models is to explain the molecular detail of specific behaviors encoded in the human brain. How would you compare the developmental biology experiments on memory and learning using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, as evidence about the evolution of a human behavior?

Q: How can evolutionary relationships among organisms be determined by comparing embryonic development?…

A: An embryo is defined as an animal's early stage of growth and differentiation characterized by…

Q: Elaborate: What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing insects as experimental…

A: It is critical to learn and know the anatomy and physiology of the body. Many changes in the animal…

Q: Examine the limb bones of these two primates. For each one, what was the most likely broad locomotor…

A: Primates are well known as by the presence of grasping hands along with the primitive anatomy with…

Q: rovide two examples from invertebrates of such ‘reverse evolution’ from a derived state (specialized…

A: We often think about evolution in terms of a progressive change but it is not completely true. There…

Q: What is a primate and why do anthropologists consider it important to study them? What features do…

A: Primates is belong to those groups of animals, thats under included humans, monkeys and animals like…

Q: What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing insects as experimental animals in…

A: Insects are one of most commonly used experimental model which helps in various ways in clinical and…

Q: In terms of the differences between the opossum, bird, bat, and mole skeletons, which is most like…

A: Skeleton system The internal framework of vertebrate is known as skeleton system. The skeleton…

Q: What characteristics do primates and rodents have in common?  Which group of animals are birds more…

A: Used to compare and study the relation between a group of animals and to find out common ancestors.

Q: Dogfish sharks (Squalus acanthias) represented  “primitive” gnathostomes and cats (Felis catus)…

A: Anatomy is a branch of biology concerned with identifying and describing living organisms' bodily…

Q: From this lab, one might conclude that certain trends can be detected, trends from ancestral…

A: Animals evolved through a process known as evolution, which involves changes in a species' features…

Q: Identify five (5) adaptive features of insects and arachnids, and explain how this feature is…

A: According to evolutionary theory, adaptation is the natural mechanism by which organisms adapt to…

Q: Mammals belong to a group of amniotes known as synapsids. Three major lineages of mammals had…

A:

Q: How does the anatomy of a cat reflect humans’ shared ancestry with sharks?

A: Evolution is the process in which all the living organisms characteristics gets evolved with the…

Q: How is the society of a social insect different from human society? What are some similarities…

A:

Q: Research shows that Neandertals coexisted with at least three other species, including Homo sapiens.…

A: Neanderthals were extremely early (archaic) humans that inhabited throughout Europe and Western Asia…

Q: The digger bee’s “postcopulatory courtship” consists of elaborate tactile stimulation that the male…

A: Tactile stimulation refers to the activation of the nerve signals in order to produce the sensation…

Q: What general trends can you identify in the evolution of the vertebrate brain?

A: The brain development in vertebrates have evolved into a more advanced and specialized trend…

Q: What factors acted as selective pressure for the evolution of the large human brain?

A: Evolution is the process by which an organism inherits or adapts favorable characteristics that…

Q: Development of an animal is controlled by the genes that are expressed during development. What…

A: Hox genes are members of the homeotic transcription factor family that play a key role in…

Q: Bergmann's and Allen's rule help us understand [Select] [ Select] the purpose of the occipital bun…

A: Ecology is branch of science which determine the interaction of surroundings with the living…

Q: There are two main groups of bats: Smaller “microbats” navigate by using sonar, and larger…

A: Question of bat ancestry can be resolved by Genome Sequencing.

Q: The nonfunctional pelvis and hind limbs found in some snakes support which statement about…

A:

Q: Lamarck's idea of evolution was considered significant though today it is no longer acceptable due…

A: As per the guidelines, we are entitled to do only one question at a time. So, I am providing a…

Q: Certain genes influence the probability of developing Alzheimer’s disease or other conditions that…

A: Alzheimer’s disease is the major cause of dementia in people who are older than 65 years. It is a…

Q: Do you believe that experiments might be useful in determining the adaptive function of the pecten,…

A: Answer: PECTEN: The pecten is a structure containing bundle of blood vessels. pecten is mostly…

Q: Which statement regarding the differences between frogs and mammals is TRUE when comparing model…

A: Eggs are typically spherical or ovoid with a diameter of about 0.1 mm in humans and 1 to 2 mm in…

Q: What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing insects as experimental animals in…

A: In various toxicological studies such as in drug toxicity analysis etc. using an insect as an…

Q: In a study in which men and women were asked to sit at a computer and navigate through a virtual…

A: Gender differences in spatial learning have been thought to occur worldwide among mammals, but their…

Q: List two possible hypotheses for why human head lice diverged evolutionarily from chimpanzee lice:

A: Divergent evolution occurs when a population of animals or plants is divided into two groups by a…

Q: Why did Neanderthals become extinct? State at least four major factors to explain their fate.

A: A very long time ago,Homo sapiens and Neanderthals shared the same land and lived together.And…

Q: Given the following images of primate skulls: What is the function of the brain crest? If a primate…

A: Human evolution is defined as "the process by which humans evolved on Earth from now-extinct apes."…

Q: Based on the anatomy and biological design of Bulbasaur given in the illustration, will it survive…

A: It is assumed that some big meteorite crashed into Earth, changing the climatic conditions so…

Q: Why are higher forms of animals bilaterally symmetrical? Explain.

A: The animals are the multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom.

Q: Scientists compare the structures of a chicken embryo and a human embryo at the same stage of…

A: Scientists analyse embryos from various organisms to determine how closely they are related. Species…

Q: How and why did sponges develop skeletons, given that they were the first animals, there were no…

A: Sponges are the simplest form of multi-cellular organisms with structural complexities. They have…

Q: Provide two examples from invertebrates of such ‘reverse evolution’ from a derived state…

A: Evolution refers to the change in the species characteristics over several generations. Evolution…

Q: How might brain shape reveal clues about hominin history? The globe-shaped brain of modern humans…

A: Modern human beings are the result of the evolutionary process. Over the years, scientific research…

Q: Identify the two features of body plan that evolved with the cnidarians and ctenophores. Explain the…

A: Locomotion and body support- The cnidarian body is capable of some kind f coordinated movement.…

Q: What hypothesis is a true statement connecting to early hominin behavior seems the most plausible?…

A: The evolution of modern humans from our hominid ancestor is usually believed to have taken four…

Q: Is the tubular-dorsal nervous system of chordates associated to radial or lateral symmetry? How does…

A: In the nervous system of chordates, the dorsal nerve cord develops into nervous tissue of the brain…

Q: How is modularity beneficial to animal specialization during the course of evolution? Illustrate…

A: The species usually change over time and become progressively divergent from their ancestors and…

Q: In earlier chapters, we applied the critical concept of homology to molecular, chromosomal, and…

A: The similarities that occur due to shared ancestry between genes or a pair of structures is called…

Q: genes and proteins involved in the formation anterior-posterior axes in mammals

A: This anterior-posterior axis runs from the head to the opposite end (tail) of the organism. This…

Q: What other primates have similar intermembral index values as humans and also limb proportions, and…

A: Primates are morphologically characterized into different species based on the relative lengths of…

Q: Human embryos have tails which become tail bones before birth. Tails also appear in fish, reptiles,…

A: close evolutionary connection between humans and many other mammals.

Q: Which stage of chimpanzee development is most similar to adult Ardipithecus ramidus? To adult…

A: Introduction :- Evolution is defined as the descent with modifications and it is a never ending or a…

Q: Compare the overall body structure of the cave fish and the minnow below. cave fish minrow 1. What…

A: Cave fishes  These fishes are called so because they have adapted themselves to live in caves and…

Learning and memory

Learning is defined as a relatively permanent and irreversible adaptive change in behavior. It always results from experience. The ability of an organism to store and recall the effects, sensations, and knowledge gained through learning and experience is called memory.