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- Assuming that 32 million histone octamers arerequired to package the human genome, how many his-tone molecules must be transported per second pernuclear pore complex in cells whose nuclei contain 3000nuclear pores and are dividing once per day?A diploid human cell contains approximately 6.4 billion base pairs of DNA. a. How many nucleosomes are present in such a cell? (Assume that the linker DNA encompasses 40 bp.) b. How many histone proteins are complexed with this DNA?Assuming that 145 base pairs of DNA wrap around the histone octamer 1.75 times, estimate the radius of the histone octamer. Assume 3.4 Å per base pair and simplify the calculation by assuming that the wrapping is in two rather than three dimensions and neglecting the thickness of the DNA.
- A diploid human cell contains approximately 6.4 billion base pairs of DNA. Assuming that the linker DNA encompasses 35 bp, how many nucleosomes are present in such a cell? Use two significant figures. How many histone proteins are complexed with this DNA? use two significant figures.What are the roles of the core histone proteins and of histone H1 inthe compaction of eukaryotic DNA?The protein encoded by the cystic fibrosis gene is 1480amino acids long, yet the gene spans 250 kb. How is thisdifference possible?
- Assuming that the 30-nm chromatin fiber con-tains about 20 nucleosomes (200 bp/nucleosome) per 50nm of length, calculate the degree of compaction of DNAassociated with this level of chromatin structure. Whatfraction of the 10,000-fold condensation that occurs atmitosis does this level of DNA packing represent?To hold bacterial DNA in a more compact configuration, specificproteins must bind to the DNA and stabilize its conformation.Several different proteins are involved in this process. Some of theseproteins, such as H-NS, have been referred as histone-like, due totheir functional similarity to the histone proteins found in eukaryotes.Based on your knowledge of eukaryotic histone proteins, whatbiochemical properties would you expect bacterial histone-likeproteins to have?A diploid human cell contains approximately 6.4 billion base pairs of DNA. Q. How many nucleosomes are present in such a cell? (Assume that the linker DNA encompasses 40 bp.)
- Describe the packaging of chromosomal DNA by histones with diagrammatic representations. Name the various histone modifications and describe any two among them.Mammals contain a diploid genome consisting of at least 109 bp. If this amount of DNA is present as chromatin fibers, where each group of 200 bp of DNA is combined with 9 histones into a nucleosome and each group of 6 nucleosomes is combined into a solenoid, achieving a final packing ratio of 50, determine (a) the total number of nucleosomes in all fibers, (b) the total number of histone molecules combined with DNA in the diploid genome, and (c) the combined length of all fibers.In the first figure of “DNMT3L Connects Unmethylated Lysine 4 of Histone H3 to de novo Methylation of DNA,” the authors determined that the DNMT3L protein interacts with several histone proteins. Using Figure a and b (from that paper), explain how each of the 4 histones interact with DNMT3L.