Assuming that the booming economy is currently at an inflation rate such that unemployment is below the natural level. (a) How does the economy return to the natural rate of unemployment if this inflation rate persists? Critically analyse your answers using the sticky-wage theory. (b) If the government wants to bring the output back to the natural level by changing the tax rate, how should it respond?
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- Expected inflation is 3%, and initially the output gap is zero (percent). A(surprise) tariff reduction on imported steel and aluminum- which are used widely in domestic production-results in (unexpected) cost-push inflation of -0.5%. Imports rise, leading to (unexpected) demand-pull inflation of -0.25%. The economy's actual rate of inflation is: A. 2.25% B. 2.50% C. 2.75% D. 3.00% E. 3.75%"Inflation tax" means that: Select one: a. as the price level rises, taxpayers are pushed into higher tax brackets. b. as the price level rises, the real value of money held by the public decreases. c. as taxes increase, the rate of inflation also increases. d. in a hyperinflation, the chief source of tax revenue is often the printing of money.With respect to the concept of inflation, it is correct to say that ________. options: A) inflation increases the purchasing power of consumer dollars. B) inflation and deflation are really almost synonymous in practice. C) the consumer price index is one way to measure inflation. D) inflation occurs when the amount of money taken out of the economy exceeds the amount of money put into the economy. E) inflation occurs when people have more money to spend as the quantity of goods available increases.
- Turkey’s annual inflation rate soared to 36%, the highest since September 2002. According to data released by the Turkish Statistical Institute, December saw the year’s biggest increase in inflation, with consumer prices up almost 14% compared to the previous month. Despite a plummeting currency and runaway inflation, the country's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has pursued an unorthodox economic policy in his belief that high interest rates cause inflation instead of helping combat it. He continues to insist on slashing interest rates.In conventional policy-making, if facing rising inflation then a country's central bank needs to increase interest rates to drive price increases down again. The higher the inflation, the higher rates need to go to combat it. Erdogan has often sought to justify his decision by quoting verses from the Koran which strictly forbids interest. Erdogan has once described interest rates as the "mother and father of all evil." "I cannot stand by those who defend…Turkey’s annual inflation rate soared to 36%, the highest since September 2002. According to data released by the Turkish Statistical Institute, December saw the year’s biggest increase in inflation, with consumer prices up almost 14% compared to the previous month. Despite a plummeting currency and runaway inflation, the country's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has pursued an unorthodox economic policy in his belief that high interest rates cause inflation instead of helping combat it. He continues to insist on slashing interest rates.In conventional policy-making, if facing rising inflation then a country's central bank needs to increase interest rates to drive price increases down again. The higher the inflation, the higher rates need to go to combat it. Erdogan has often sought to justify his decision by quoting verses from the Koran which strictly forbids interest. Erdogan has once described interest rates as the "mother and father of all evil." "I cannot stand by those who defend…Oil prices are on track to reach $100 a barrel this month for the first time in 2023 after surging by almost 30% sinceJune, after Russian and Saudi Arabian production cuts and rising demand from China. With many industries being heavily reliant on energy and transportation, what type of inflation would this leadto in South Africa?A. Demand-pull inflationB. Cost-push inflationC. StagflationD. Hyperinflation
- Cost-push inflation happens when technological innovation unexpectedly lowers the cost of production, causing increased demand for goods and services. a. True b, False " bangeCPI inflation in India rose to 4.9% y-o-y in November from 4.5% in October, below expectations (5.1%), with a downside surprise in food and fuel price inflation, but core inflation rose further to 6.1% from 5.9%, signalling rising underlying price pressures. The cut in excise duties on fuel was offset by higher price increases in personal care, clothing, recreation and households goods and services in the CPI basket, suggesting pressures due to rising input cost pass-through and reopening. In this context, suppose people in India anticipate an increase in the expected price level. a) Determine whether the event shifts aggregate demand (AD) or aggregate supply (AS). b) Use the AD-AS model to determine the short-run and long-run effects on India’s GDP, price level, and unemployment.CPI inflation in India rose to 4.9% y-o-y in November from 4.5% in October, below expectations (5.1%), with a downside surprise in food and fuel price inflation, but core inflation rose further to 6.1% from 5.9%, signalling rising underlying price pressures. The cut in excise duties on fuel was offset by higher price increases in personal care, clothing, recreation and households goods and services in the CPI basket, suggesting pressures due to rising input cost pass-through and reopening. Source: Economic Times (2021) In this context, suppose people in India anticipate an increase in the expected price level. a) Determine whether the event shifts aggregate demand (AD) or aggregate supply (AS). b) Use the AD-AS model to determine the short-run and long-run effects on India’s GDP, price level, and unemployment.
- CPI inflation in India rose to 4.9% y-o-y in November from 4.5% in October, below expectations (5.1%), with a downside surprise in food and fuel price inflation, but core inflation rose further to 6.1% from 5.9%, signalling rising underlying price pressures. The cut in excise duties on fuel was offset by higher price increases in personal care, clothing, recreation and households goods and services in the CPI basket, suggesting pressures due to rising input cost pass-through and reopening. Source: Economic Times (2021) In this context, suppose people in India anticipate an increase in the expected price level. a) Determine whether the event shifts aggregate demand (AD) or aggregate supply (AS). (6 marks) b) Use the AD-AS model to determine the short-run and long-run effects on India’s GDP, price level, and unemployment.Oil prices are on track to reach $100 a barrel this month for the first time in 2023 after surging by almost 30% sinceJune, after Russian and Saudi Arabian production cuts and rising demand from China.With many industries being heavily reliant on energy and transportation, what type of inflation would this leadto in South Africa?A. Demand-pull inflationB. Cost-push inflationC. StagflationD. HyperinflationWhat is one of the potential effects of the aforementioned inflation on the South African economy?A. Decreased purchasing power of money.B. Increased consumer savings.C. Reduced interest rates on loans.D. Higher demand for imports.During July 2020, Japan’s u was 2.6%; economists have estimated that Japan’s un is 2.5%. If Japan has an accelerationist PC, what would have happened to Japan’s inflation rate during July? Explain fully by showing where Japan was functioning using the appropriate graph. Make all your assumptions clear; calculations not required.