Assuming there are colon tumor samples, one from a HNPCC patient, and the other from a FAP patient. One group shows gross chromosomal abnormalities with chromosomal translocations, deletions, etc. The karyotype of the group, however, looks mostly normal, and similar to noncancerous samples. Which group is expected to carry loss-of-function mutations in MSH2 and MLH1 (DNA mismatch repair genes) as their primary driver mutations? FAP that has grossly abnormal karyotype HNPCC that has mostly normal karyotype FAP that has mostly normal karyotype

Q: Why this term is used - malignant ?

A: Malaignant term used in cancer.

Q: Inborn errors of immunity (IEls) are a heterogeneous group of disorders due to genetic defects in…

A: Option 4 is correct.

Q: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most commonand aggressive form of brain cancer in…

A: The EGFR is a transmembrane protein. The N (amino) terminal of EGFR protein has an extracellular…

Q: 23 of 41 Which of the following proteins is NOT encoded by a proto-oncogene? O Myc Ras E-cadherin…

A: A gene that plays a role in proper cell growth. A proto-mutations oncogene's (changes) can turn it…

Q: Describe three types of genetic changes that commonly convert aproto-oncogene to an oncogene.…

A: The genetic alteration results in the advantage in growth of the cell. The 3 genetic change…

Q: The development of colon cancer is particularly well- studied, and often has a predictable order of…

A: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 1/3 most frequent cancer in men and the 2nd most frequent cancer in…

Q: True or false: When oncogenes are present, a cell is more likely to be normal (non-cancerous) than…

A: The normal growth and functions of human cells are primarily based on the information stored in each…

Q: Tbis a membrane of the family of tumor suppressor genes.   true   false

A: Tumor suppressor genes are the normal genes that controls cell division and replication ,repair…

Q: Human Papillomaviruses has of many strains. Some of them cause warts while others can cause cancer.…

A: *Human papillomaviruses are type of viruses that causes abnormal tissue growth and cause other…

Q: Explain the connection between the founder and the G8-C marker.

A: In this example the original mutation that caused  the huntington allele occurred in a germline cell…

Q: Borrelia hermsii is a spirochete bacterium, transmitted by tick bites, that causes an illness…

A: Immune system is system which helps our body to fight against the foreign substances which will…

Q: Rarely, the conjugation of Hfr and F− cells produces two Hfr cells. Explain how this event takes…

A: The conjugation is the process of transfer of DNA from one donor bacterium to a recipient bacterium.…

Q: Genetic tests that detect mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 oncogenes are widely available. These…

A: Young woman in a suspected breast cancer family takes the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic tests and receives…

Q: Which of the following is true about a merozygote? conjugation with an Hfr donor will never produce…

A: Merozygote is a state of a bacterial cell being temporarily partial diploid as a result of the DNA…

Q: Ultraviolet light causes thymine dimers to form in DNA. Some individuals are genetically incapable…

A: Genetic variation is very important for evolution, but genetic stability is crucial for survival…

Q: /hich type of colorectal cancer is considered to be an autosomal dominant disorder haracterized with…

A: Colorectal cancer is any cancer that affects the colon and the rectum. It acts as a growth on the…

Q: 1. What can mutation lead trastuzumab resistance with lapatinib sensitivy from HER2+ cancers

A: *NOTE: Kindly repost for other question. Dear Student as per the guidelines we are supposed to…

Q: What is the importance of determining the patient's onset of menses and the number of pregnancies?

A: MM is 54 year old female.  She is diagnosed with  intraductal adenocarcinoma of the left breast 5…

Q: Why plaque assays are plated in duplicates

A: Plaque assays: plaque assays are performed for the isolation and purification of viral particles…

Q: determining how radiation affects growth in the presence of a mutated BRCAI ortholog assessing…

A: Introduction :- Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the most well-studied eukaryote and a useful tool for…

Q: Indicate whether the following sentences is either True or False and CORRECT the wrong sentences…

A: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) explored in Wuhan caused fatal severe…

Q: Alpha Variant = Lineage B.1.1.7 = UK Variant Beta Variant = Lineage B.1.351 OR 501Y.V2 = South…

A: Viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 evolve throughout time when changes in the genetic code (genetic…

Q: The reason due to which scientists generate a mice in which two normal copies of the WDR62 gene are…

A: Mice as human models Mice are widely used in research experimentation studies to study the genetic…

Q: For the following diseases, describe the best technique for diagnosing them.  Please make sure you…

A: Factor V Leiden is a mutated form of blood clotting factor V. Blood clotting factors are proteins…

Q: Using the information provided below, which of the individuals A and B have: i) Genotypic change i)…

A: DNA is made up of four nucleotides A, T, C and G. Mutation is the change in the genetic sequence or…

Q: SCENARIO: MM, a 54-year old female presents to the Family Medicine Clinic due to a 2-week history…

A: Glyburide is used for treating diabetes mellitus type II by the mechanism of increasing the insulin…

Q: This asymptomatic disorder, typically discovered accidentally, is caused by mutations in the SLC36A2…

A: Both the mutations are associated with Iminoglycinuria

Q: it and answer the following questions. Recent studies showing a correlation between the levels of…

A: Cytosine is one of the four nucleobases found in DNA and RNA, along with adenine, guanine, and…

Q: Why synthetic generation of a “Linear” epitope for the purpose of a Vaccine development is far…

A: An epitope, also known as an antigenic determinant, is the component of an antigen that the immune…

Q: Indroduce the history of infectious agents and oncogenesis. Identify five infectious agents that…

A: Carcinogenesis is a multistep process i.e; multiple genetic changes must occur to convert normal…

Q: Briefly explain the role of genetic testing and the following inherited gene mutations linked to…

A: Genetic testing is a type of medical test which is performe to know the defective gene or proteins…

Q: SCENARIO: MM, a 54-year old female presents to the Family Medicine Clinic due to a 2-week history…

A: Introduction:-  Breast carcinoma is very common cancer in females and occurs most commonly in the…

Q: True ans false 1. MERS can spread by faecal-oral route and/or aerosol droplet transmission 2.…

A: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) explored in Wuhan caused fatal severe…

Q: Briefly describe how the CRISPR/Cas9 system modifies genomic DNA and why this can help treat genetic…

A: A molecular process in which some discontinuous change to nucleotide sequences in their genomic DNA…

Q: The most useful serum marker for detecting recurrent disease after treatment of nonseminomatous…

A: B) A-fetoprotein(AFP)

Q: While multiple animal studies have found that food dyes are not associated with no genotoxic effect…

A: Tartrazine, also referred to as FD&C yellow #5, is an artificial (synthetic) food dye. It is one…

Q: The N1303K mutation in the CFTR gene of CF patients is autosomal dominant disorder due to insertion…

A: The N1393K mutating in CFTR gene of CF is autosomal recessive disorder where asparagine to lysine…

Q: Retroviral delivery of the gene coding for Combined Immunodeficiency. treats individuals with Severe…

A: Successful gene therapy that is performed with the retroviral vectors neceserily requires robust…

Q: Imagine that you are a scientist who wants to better understand the genetic mechanisms underlying…

A: Cancer cells are transformed from normal cells to cancer cells due to gene mutations. Gene mutations…

Q: Germline editing affects only somatic cells. True False

A: In addition to connective tissue, blood, bones, and internal organs, somatic cells also make up the…

Q: SCENARIO: MM, a 54-year old female presents to the Family Medicine Clinic due to a 2-week history…

A: Note : Hi. Since you have posted multiple questions. We will solve first one and please repost the…

Q: SCENARIO: MM, a 54-year old female presents to the Family Medicine Clinic due to a 2-week history…

A: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. In U.S. 1 in 8 women had invasive breast cancer…

Q: In Metastatic Breast Cancer [such as in Breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma; Breast Invasive Carcinoma,…

A: In Metastatic Breast Cancer [such as in Breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma; Breast Invasive Carcinoma,…

Q: SCENARIO: MM, a 54-year old female presents to the Family Medicine Clinic due to a 2-week history…

A: One of the common form of cancer affecting women is breast cancer. Both the genders get affected but…

Q: Mutation in which of the following genes is most prevalent in human colorectal cancer cells?…

A: Answer. A normal cell undergoes regulated division, differentiation, and apoptosis. When normal…

Q: The product of the human papillomavirous oncogene E7promotes cancer by   emhancing expression of…

A: Virus is a microscopic organism which contains a protective coat and the nucleic acid. It doesn’t…

Q: SCENARIO: MM, a 54-year old female presents to the Family Medicine Clinic due to a 2-week history…

A: Introduction:-  Breast cancer is a very common carcinoma in females and occurs most commonly in the…

Environmental health and hazards

An organism's environment is the environment in which it lives and has an impact on its well-being. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines environmental health as "those aspects of public health, such as quality of life, that are influenced by physical, chemical, biological, social, and psychosocial components in the environment." Environmental health is concerned with both natural and man-made settings in order to enhance public health. Environmental science, occupational medicine, toxicology, and epidemiology are the key subdisciplines of environmental health.