(b) Kenduri Co is considering whether or not to manage the foreign exchange exposure by using multilateral netting from the UK, with the Sterling Pound (£) as the base currency. Multilateral netting is undertaken in order to show the cash flow transaction. The following cash flows between Kenduri with three subsidiaries; Lakama from United States, Jaia from Canada and Gochiso in Japan. Below are the details of cash flow transactions: Qwed by Owed to Amount
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- Suppose that Salem Co, a U.S.-based MNC that both purchases supplies from Canada and sells exports in Canada, is seeking to measure the economic exposure of its cash flows. Salem wishes to analyze how its cash flows might change under different exchange rates for the Canadian dollar (the only foreign currency in which it deals). Salem believes that the value of the Canadian dollar will be $0.70, $0.75, or $0.80, and seeks to analyze its cash flows under each of these scenarios. The following table shows Salem’s cash flows under each of these exchange rates. Use the table to answer the question that follows. Exchange Rate Scenario Exchange Rate Scenario Exchange Rate Scenario C$1=$0.70 C$1=$0.75 C$1=$0.80 (Millions) (Millions) (Millions) Sales (1) U.S. Sales $315 $315 $315 (2) Canadian Sales $3.50 $4.00 $4.00 (3) Total Sales in U.S. $ $318.50 $318.75 $319.00 Cost of Materials and Operating Expenses (4)…Assume a Japanese company, Ascent Robotics, sells its equipment to a U.S. client invoicing half of the bill in yen and the remaining half in U.S. dollars. Which type of hedging through invoice currency does this situation represent? Shifting exchange exposure Money market hedge Sharing exchange exposure Diversifying exchange exposureWhat concept underlies the two-transaction perspective in accounting for foreign currency transactions? a. treats imports and exports as two separate transactions. b. Foreign Exchange Gains and Losses. c. The Effects of Changes in the world Economy. d. Treats the export sale and the subsequent collection of cash as two separate transactions.
- From the following, please identify the 2 statements that are true as well as the 2 statements that are false. A) The global integration of capital markets is a major force leading to the convergence of accounting standards. B) Ericsson, the Swedish MNE, was required as of 2005 to adopt both Swedish and U.S. GAAP since it lists it securities in both the U.S. and Sweden. C) When using the current-rate method to translate foreign currency financial statements into the parent currency, translation gains and losses are recognized in comprehensive income. D) The balanced scorecard approach is a preferred method for measuring performance among U.S. firms, but the EU does not allow its usage.Which is the most simple way that is able to protect a U.S firm's earnings of its consolidated income statement in the depreciation of euro relative to U.S. dollar? A. Selling euros forward in the foreign exchange market. B. Partner with the local firm of the oversea market. C. Purchasing euros forward in the foreign exchange market. D. Establish a subsidiary in the oversea economy.Discuss any current financial issues that affect the operating environment of the MNC distibuting via export and explain how these issues affect the company’s foreign currency exposure
- Which of the following suggests that the foreign entity's functional currency is the parent's currency? a. Intercompany transaction volume is low. b. Debt is serviced through local operations. c. There is an active and primarily local market. d. Sale prices are influenced by international factors.In accounting for foreign currency transactions, which of the following approaches is used in the United States?a. One-transaction perspective; accrue foreign exchange gains and losses.b. One-transaction perspective; defer foreign exchange gains and losses.c. Two-transaction perspective; defer foreign exchange gains and losses.d. Two-transaction perspective; accrue foreign exchange gains and losses.Choose the correct. In accounting for foreign currency transactions, which of the following approaches is used in the United States?a. One-transaction perspective; accrue foreign exchange gains and losses.b. One-transaction perspective; defer foreign exchange gains and losses.c. Two-transaction perspective; defer foreign exchange gains and losses.d. Two-transaction perspective; accrue foreign exchange gains and losses.
- Which of the following statements is CORRECT? A. Foreign exchange dealers earn a profit by bringing together buyers and sellers of foreign currencies and earning a commission on each sale and purchase. B. Training Speculators earn a profit by a bid - ask spread on currencies they purchase and sell. C. Currency trading lacks profitability for large commercial and investment banks but is maintained as a service for corporate and institutional customers. D. Arbitragers seek to profit from simultaneous exchange rate differences in different markets.A. What is a multinational corporation? Why do firms expand into other countries?B. Discuss at least six major factors which distinguish multinational financial managementfrom financial management as practiced by a purely domestic firm. (Please considerdoing additional research on this question and document your findings).C. Discuss exchange rate risk as they relate to multinational corporations.D. Describe the current International Monetary System. How does the current system differfrom the system that was in place prior to August 1971? (Please consider doingadditional research on this question and document your findings).E. What is the difference between spot rates and forward rates? When is the forward rateat a premium to the spot rate? At a discount? (Please consider doing additionalresearch on this question and document your findings).F. From a managerial point of view, discuss how your responses above will help Citrus, Inc.as they plan to expand overseas.Please answer this ONE question on Foreign Exchange markets Statoil, the national company in Norway, is a large, sophisticated, and active participant in both the currency and petrochemical markets. Although it is a Norwegian company, because it operates within the global oil market, it considers the U.S. dollar ($), rather than the Norwegian krone (Nok), as its functional currency. Ari Karlsen is a currency trading strategist for Statoil. The question is devided into a) and b): a) Statoil sold 1 million barrels of crude oil to the Norwegian petrol station chain, Circle K, today for 120 Nok per barrel (Nok denotes the Norwegian Krone). Statoil expects to receive the full payments from Circle K in 3 months’ time when the crude oil is delivered to Circle K’s facilities in Norway. Statoil is informed that Circle K will pay for the oil in Norwegian Krone. Ari is asked by the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) about the strategy to reduce the uncertainty around the expected payment from Circle…