b. Shift the appropriate curve or curves to show the initial short-run adjustment. Then shift the appropriate curve or curves to show the long-run adjustment. Finally, place the points for short-run equilibrium and long-run equilibrium in their appropriate places. AD-AS Model LRAS Long-run equilibrium Short-run equilibrium SRAS AD Income, Output, Y Price Level, P
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- WW is a small automobile manufacturer. The table below shows WW’s long-run average total cost: Quantity of cars LRATC of car 1 $60,000 2 40,000 3 30,000 4 24,000 5 24,000 6 24,000 7 28,000 8 36,000 which levels of output does WW experience economies of scale? ___________ which levels of output does WW experience diseconomies of scale? ___________ which levels of output does WW experience constant returns to scale? ___________i. Explain why AS curve is vertical in the long runii. Some economists believe that AS curve is positively sloped in the short run. Explain 3 theories which justify this view.iii. Explain 4 variables which can shift the AS curve both in the long run and the short run.iv. Is there any variable which shifts AS in the short run , but not in the long run?A6 “Commodity-rich Australia is one of the very few countries to receive an economic growth upgrade by the International Monetary Fund, after the global outlook was slashed due to war in Ukraine and soaring inflation.” (Financial Review, 11 April 2022). “Australia’s economy has received a boost from the surge in the price of commodities such as gas, iron ore, coal and wheat”, said IMF division chief for Australia, Harald Finger. a. Assume that Australia’s economy is in its medium-run equilibrium (i.e. Y_t = Y_n and u_t = u_n) where Y_t represents the level of output in year t; u_t is the unemployment rate in year t; u_n is the natural rate of unemployment. Use the multiplier model diagram to illustrate the impact on Australia’s GDP from an increase in net export due to increase in commodity prices. Show the output gap in your graph.
- Due to COVID-19 situations the oil prices fall in international market. Let’s assume that output starts at its natural level. What happens to Pakistan’s economy (output and price) in the long run? Explain your answers using graphs.What is the difference between economies of scale, constant returns to scale, and diseconomies of scale?Dr. D. is a critic of standard microeconomic analysis.In one of his frequent tirades, he was heard tosay, ‘‘Take the argument for upward-sloping,long-run supply curves. This is a circular argumentif I ever heard one. Long-run supply curves aresaid to be upward sloping because input pricesrise when firms hire more of them. And that occursbecause the long-run supply curves for theseinputs are upward sloping. Hence, the argumentboils down to ‘long-run supply curves are upwardsloping because other supply curves are upwardsloping.’ What nonsense!’’ Does Dr. D. have apoint? Explain clearly.
- (Minimizing Loss in the Short Run) Explain thedifferent options a firm has for minimizing losses in theshort run.26. Al Shaihani is a halwa manufacturer which is famous for Omani Saffron Halwa. They wanted to increase their supply of halwa for the coming month of August 2021. However, due to COVID-19 Pandemic, the only available resources they could change are the number of their workers. Determine which type of production period Al Shaihani business is facing? a. Mid-run b. Long run c. All of these d. Short - runPlease no written by hand solution 3) Read the Chicago Tribune article titled “At Amazon’s Monee Warehouse, Robot Co-Workers are the New Normal”. Over the long run, it appears that Amazon is working towards min- imizing its operating costs by reallocating its factors of production away from labor and towards robots (i.e., capital). Using the cost minimization model discussed in class, explain how rising relative wages likely incentive Amazon to invest in robots. 4) All else equal, which is steeper, the demand curve for a normal good or the demand curve for an inferior good? Explain.4 5) Assume that the price elasticity of demand (PED) for a firm’s out is PED = −0.75 and that the price of its output is currently at p = $10. (a) How would this firm’s revenues change if it increased its quantity produced by a little bit? Explain. (b) Instead of increasing its quantity produced, how would this firm’s revenues change if it increased its price a bit? Explain.
- A4 can you tell me the conclusion- trends(the pros and cons, the changes throughtout the years increasing and decreasing) in the production of sunflower/sunflower oil, rubber, coffee, sugar cane, potatoes, and grape/vineyardsOil is an important input into the NZ production of petrol. The main immediate impact of an oil price increase is that_______would________. This would shift the_________ which__________ and_______. Suppose that the economy is now away from long run equilibrium. The way that the economy adjusts back to equilibrium is that_________ _________ This shifts the____________.a) Derive the goods market demand curve in terms of the output (Y) and the exogenousvariables:c0,c1,b0,b1,g0,g1andT. Show your work for full credit. b)Draw the Goods Market Equilibrium. Be sure to label all curves, label the equilibrium point, and label the slope of each curve. c)Solve for the equilibrium output (Y) in terms of the exogenous variables:c0,c1,b0,b1,g0,g1andT. Show your work for full credit. d)Supposeg1increases, but stillc1+b1+g1<1. Using a graph of the goods market, show how we would represent an increase in the value ofg1on equilibrium output y. Be sure to label all axes, curves, and equilibrium points. e)Suppose instead,c1+b1+g1= 0. Is the equilibrium in the goods market still possible? If so, what is the equilibrium output? You must explain your answer to receive full credit.