Bacteriophages can recognize the host cell by:

Q: why a pathogen COULD need to turn off certain genes when infecting a host?

A: Pathogens (specially bacterial pathogens) are equipped with some specific virulence genes located…

Q: Small genetic changes to a virus that result in viruses with similar antigenic properties is called

A:

Q: What is a nucleocapsid? Give examples of viruses with the twocapsid types.

A: Capsid refers to the protective covering of a virus made up of protomers. Protomers are the…

Q: Some phages have a modified replication cycle in which infected host cells continue to grow and…

A: The viruses are considered to be non-living when they are out of the host as they lack cellular…

Q: How do bacteriophages benefit and harm human hosts?

A: Viruses are the obligate intracellular parasite. They always hijack the host cell machinery and they…

Q: Which of the following human diseases is caused by a virus that requires reverse transcriptase to…

A: The virus is the connecting link between living and non living. Most of the animal viruses are RNA…

Q: Describe the process of viral reproduction.

A: Viral reproduction includes six stages: attachement, penetration, uncoating, replication, assembly,…

Q: List three ways in which viruses can be transmitted from one organism to another.

A: Virus is a non-living pathogenic agent which depends on its host for survival. It is  composed of…

Q: An animal virus can become latent inside the host cell as a provirus, What happens in this process…

A: Latent period is also known as the latency period or the pre-infectious period. Latent period is the…

Q: When transmitting a virus to the next host, they usually talk about horizontal and vertical…

A: Virus -  it is the connective link between live and alive  And it is inactive outside the cell

Q: Which of the following is a way in which plasmids may be introduced into host organisms?

A: Plasmids or transposons are considered replicons, units of DNA capable of replicating autonomously…

Q: Why is earlier to target a single mutant versus multiple mutants in the virus

A: Mutations are the changes in the DNA sequence of an organism which may or may not affect the…

Q: Describe the structure of influenza virus and its spikes.

A: Influenza virus, commonly known as the flu virus is responsible for the infections in the…

Q: _refers to copies of plasmid inside host cells.

A: Cloning is the process or the technique, scientists use for creating a genetically identical clone…

Q: Why does the virus carry a reverse transcriptase enzyme?

A: Viruses are obligate parasites that only live in the host organism. the infect the host organism and…

Q: Please describe each step mentioned in the figure below illustrating retroviral transfer of DNA into…

A: A retrovirus is a virus that has its genetic material in the form of RNA. When a retrovirus infects…

Q: List a method a virus can use to prime DNA а replication and give an example of a virus that uses…

A: Introduction:  Viral replication means formation of viruses into the host cells during infection.…

Q: Please describe each step mentioned in the figure below illustrating retroviral transfer of DNA into…

A: A retrovirus inserts a copy of its RNA genome into the DNA genome of a host cell where its genome is…

Q: Explain the Lytic replication cycle of a nonenveloped bacterial virus.

A: Viruses follow two types of the cycle in order to reproduce in the host cell: the lytic cycle and…

Q: Describe the four steps in a lytic phage infection.

A: A virus is a submicroscopic organism which contains genetic information either in the form of DNA…

Q: The lytic replication cycle results in bacteriophage DNA integrated into the host genome. A. True…

A: A bacteriophage, also called a phage informally, is a virus that infects and replicates within…

Q: Describe the infective process of a bacteriophage as it attacks a cell.

A: The virus that infects bacteria is known as Bacteriophage. These bacteriophages infects host cell in…

Q: Draw a diagram of the one-step growth curve ofvirus replication, and briefly explain why the…

A: The bacteria and viruses are totally different from each other. They are different from each other…

Q: What part of the host cell is degraded after phage nucleic acid has entered a host cell?

A: Viruses are the obligate intracellular parasite. They always hijack the host cell machinery and they…

Q: The first phase in the multiplication of Bacteriophages is

A: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria.

Q: Reverse transcriptase is needed to transcribe which type of viral genome into DNA? dsRNA SSDNA SSRNA…

A: Viral genome - Viral genome is defined as the genome of the virus particles. This genome can be made…

Q: True or false: positive sense RNA strands of viruses are treated like mRNA inside a host cell.

A: The meaning of a nucleic acid molecule, particularly a strand of DNA or RNA, in molecular biology…

Q: properties of virus particles

A:

Q: When a foreign DNA is introduced into an organism,how is it maintained In the host.

A: Introducing a foreign DNA into the host organism’s cells is known as gene delivery. In this process…

Q: Influenza virus uses______ which is found in the envelope spikes, to adhere to the host cell"

A: * Influenza virus will attacks respiratory system by entering the nose, throat and lungs. *Influenza…

Q: Explain the lytic cycle of a bacteriophages life cycle.

A: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. The term "bacteriophage" literally means "bacteria…

Q: what could be the root causes why the COVID-19 Virus continue to spread? Name 5 main causes..

A: Viruses are infectious microparticles that cannot replicate independently. They infect the…

Q: Influenza viruses use                             to replicate its genome whereas retroviruses use…

A: Influenza, commonly known as "the flu", is an infectious disease caused by influenza viruses. There…

Q: Describe the two main ways by which viral nucleic acid is introduced into the host cells

A: Viral infection causes stimulation of various specific and nonspecific types of immunity in the…

Q: Explain how poliovirus produces multiple proteins from its genomic RNA

A: Poliovirus is a single strand rna virus and it consists of positive strand rna and thus the rna is…

Q: The lytic cycle of a bacteriophage can be characterized by A large number of phages are released at…

A: Virus gains entry into the host cells. A bacteriophage is a virus that attacks bacteria. According…

Q: Describe how lytic bacteriophages are released from their host cells.

A: A temperate phage has an option to undergo lytic and lysogenic cycle. A lytic cycle involves the…

Q: True or False A bacteriophage that lacks a capsid structure is considered to be viroid

A: A length of nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA), encased in a protein coat, makes up a virus, an…

Q: Explain how a virus can be genetically engineered to make it highly virulent and infectious

A: Introduction :- A virus is a small parasite that cannot reproduce by itself because it requires host…

Q: Explain why a virus is considered living or not living?

A: Virus are considered  intermediate between the living or non living. They are considered as living…

Q: . Give an example of a DNA-repair defect that leads tocancer

A: Cancer results when body mechanism fails to control the cell division that has lost the control…

Q: List the Events in the lytic cycle of T-even bacteriophages.

A: Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites and they depend on host cells for reproduction and…

Q: The image of the virus as shown below is part of the family 0f

A: Virus is a pathogen that lies between living and nonliving. These are living when they enter living…

Q: Describe the functions of the transcriptase/replicase complex in coronavirus replication.

A: Introduction :-  Coronaviruses are encapsulated RNA viruses with a positive strand that infect…

Q: What is meant when it is said that a virus is in an inactive state?

A: Viruses are microscopic agents that can replicate only inside host cells. They can infect all types…

Q: Match each of the following viral families with the appropriate viral genera:

A: Virus are connecting link between living and non living.  Herpes simplex virus causes genital herpes…

Q: Explain the life cycle of a virus

A: The life cycle of a virus is divided into five steps: attachment, penetration, biosynthesis,…

Q: Below is a figure for the cycle of the Influenza virus. Explain the shape.

A: Influenza virus(Flu virus) is a virus that cause flu by attacking lungs,throat and nose.This virus…