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- What is the relationship between changes in gene frequencies and adaptations? The change in genes results in adaptations, which in turn, lead to the individual's ability to survive in its environment. The change in genes reduces adaptations, limiting the individual's ability to adapt for survival. The change in genes speeds up the process of adaptations, and the result is adaptations within any species will occur within a year. The change in genes results in adaptations in the individual, but these adaptations cannot be passed on to future generations.Among a population of tadpoles, the correlation coefficient for size atmetamorphosis and time required for metamorphosis is −0.74. On thebasis of this correlation, what conclusions can you draw about therelative sizes of tadpoles that metamorphose quickly and those thatmetamorphose more slowly?Ancestors of the beach mouse mayhave exhibited variations in their coat color. Because of the prevalence of visualpredators, the better-camouflaged (lighter) mice in the beach habitat may havesurvived longer and been able to produce more offspring. Over time, a higher andhigher proportion of individuals in the population would have had the adaptation of lighter fur that acted to camouflage the mouse in the beach habitat.
- If an egg rolls out of the nest, a mother greylag goosewill retrieve it by nudging it with her beak and head.If researchers remove the egg or substitute a ball duringthis process, the goose continues to bob her beak andhead while she moves back to the nest. Explain how andwhy this behavior occurs.Many species of animals make alarm calls, whichwarn others in their group that a predator isapproaching. Alarm calls also attract the attention of the predator, making it more likely thatthe individual making the call will be eaten. Whymight natural selection favor the evolution ofalarm calls in a species? How might you test thathypothesis?The elaborate tail of the peacock (Pavo cristatus) is approximately 120 cm to 150 cm long, while the tail ofthe peahen is quite short. The long tail reduces the male bird’s ability to maneuver and fly and makes him moreconspicuous to predators. Suggest at least one reason why this cumbersome structure has not been eliminatedby natural selection.
- Explain the difference between generalized and specialized characteristics. What are examples of each in terms of the adaptive potential? Define the term “adaptive radiation” and explain why it is important to the principle of evolution. Why was adaptive radiation especially important to mammals’ eventual rapid evolutionary success and diversification? What are some of the different groups of mammals?Many lines of evidence, including biochemical evidence, show that living birds are direct descendants of dinosaurs. A number of dinosaur lineages had feathered dinosaurs, not just the lineage that includes living birds. Do you think that is it justified to believe that all feathered dinosaurs had behaviors known from living birds? Such behaviors of birds include colonial nesting, sexual displays by males using feathers, males moving to display their ornamental feathers to female mates. Give a brief reason for your answer.Lithobates clamitus. also know as the green frog and bronze frog can range in in skin color from pure to brown to pure green and a mixture of both. As their habitats change frogs with a mixture of both colors have a higher fitness as they are better able to hide from predators. 1. If the change in the distribution of this trait is the result of natural selection, name the mode of selection (ie: Balancing, Disruptive, etc...) 2. If a small group of male frogs end up joining this population from a different population of frogs, which process of selection describes the movement of alleles present in the male frog? 3. The process you named in “c” ________ the genetic variation in the population that the male frog joined? (increase, decrease, or stay the same?)
- Competition is most intense between members of a(n)_______ . Predators and their prey act as agents of__________ on one another, resulting in a formof evolution called______ . This results in the evolution of characteristics called______ that help both predators and their prey survive andreproduce.Since different species may occupy the same habitat, explain why they continue to remain separate species? Adaptive radiation is when populations diverge from a common ancestor into new species, each of which is adapted to its own unique niche. Provide evidence to highlight an example as to how this may have occurred in some of the species of penguins. What types of biological evidence would you need to look at to determine evolutionary relatedness between penguin species? **ALL ANSWERS ARE ABOUT THE SPECIES OF PENGUINS**According to Darwinian evolution, there must be variation and selection. In the evolution of large claws in lobsters: What trait(s) might have been variable? What factors might have resulted in members of the population being selected? Speculate about why predatory cats such as the lion and the leopard have not evolved to be as fast as the cheetah. The elephant has evolved to be a great size, while the mouse has evolved to be relatively small. Explain how natural selection might favour a different size in each mammal species.