Beginning at long-run equilibrium in the dynamic model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply, if the central bank permanently reduces its inflation target, then in the first period after the policy change, the dynamic aggregate supply (DAS) curve and the dynamic aggregate demand (DAD) curve shifts upward; shifts rightward O b. does not shift; shifts leftward O c. does not shift; does not shift O d. shifts downward; shifts leftward a.
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- An economy's aggregate demand curve (the relationship between short-run equilibrium output and inflation) is described by the equation:Y = 15,000 - 12,000π, where π is the inflation rate. Initially, the inflation rate is 2 percent or π = 0.02. Potential output Yp equals 14,640.Note: Keep as much precision as possible during your calculations. Your final answer for inflation should be accurate to at least two decimal places and output should be accurate to the nearest whole number.a) Find inflation and output in short-run equilibrium. Inflation : 0%Output : $0 b) Find inflation and output in long-run equilibrium. Inflation : 0%Output : $01. in the dynamic model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply, increase in the natural level of output lead to ------ in output and---in inflation. a) increase, no change b) no change, no change c) increase, increase d) no change , increase 2) beginning at long run equilibrium in the dynamic model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply, in the period in which positive supply shock occurs, the DAS curve------ and the DAD curve----- a) shifts upward, does not shift b) shifts upward, shifts rightward c) shifts downward, shifts leftward d) does not shift, does not shift.10. Which of the following are reasons why the short-run Aggregate Supply curve shown in the right-hand diagrams may be vertical? a) The economy at this level of real GDP would be operating beyond the full-employmetn level. b) Inflationary expectations have set-in so, the owners of resources are acting on these inflationary expectations and insisting on higher resource prices in anticipation of future products price inflation. c) Short-run Aggregate Suply in the Classical model is always constant. d) All the above e) Only (a) and (b) are true. f) None of the above.
- 1. Which of the following would cause the dynamic DAD (Dynamic Aggregate Demand) curve to shift in (back)? A) a decrease in consumer confidence. B) a decrease in the inflation rate. C) an increase in consumer wealth. D) an increase in the short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) curve. 2. Which of the following most likely causes a shift of the Solow growth curve to the right? A) an increase in the money supply B) a decrease in tax revenues C) an increase in crop production due to more rainfall D) an increase in oil prices due to a fire in a major oil refinery E) None of the above. 3. All of the following are examples of a positive DAD (Dynamic Aggregate Demand) shock EXCEPT A) a faster than expected growth rate of the money supply. B) an unexpected increase in consumer confidence. C) an unexpected increase in productivity growth. D) an unexpected increase in export growth. E) All of the examples result in a positive DADStatement In the United States, “the Congress established two key objectives formonetary policy - maximum employment and stable prices - in the FederalReserve Act. These objectives are sometimes referred to as the FederalReserve's dual mandate” (Federalreserve.gov. January 25, 2012). Question 1a. In response to the recent strong inflationary pressure, the FederalReserve conducts a disinflation policy. Using the model of aggregate-demand-aggregate-supply, explain theshort run dilemma faced by the Federal Reserve in maintaining herdual mandate when conducting a disinflation policy. Question 2b. What is rational expectation? Assume the general public has rationalexpectation. With the sticky-wage model, explain why the dilemmastated in (a) implies a lower cost of disinflation policy. Explain withreference to the shape of the short run aggregate supply curveDetermine the effect on aggregate demand/ Short Run Agrregate supply of each of the followingevents. Explain whether it represents a movement along the aggregate demand/ Short run Aggregatesupply curve (up or down) or a shift of the curve (leftward or rightward).a) News of a worse-than-expected job market next yearb) A rise in the consumer price index (CPI) leads producers to increase output.c) A rise in legally mandated retirement benefits paid to workers leads producers to reduceoutput.d) As a result of an increase in the value of the dollar in relation to other currencies, Americanproducers now pay less in dollar terms for foreign steel, a major commodity used in production.e) An increase in the quantity of money by the Federal Reserve increases the quantity of moneythat people wish to lend, lowering interest rates.f) Greater union activity leads to higher nominal wages.g) A fall in the aggregate price level increases the purchasing power of households’ and firms’money holdings. As…
- a. write down the expressions for the AS and AD curves and interpret the expressions. what is the intuition behind the two curves? what must be true of the model parameters and variables in the long run equilibrium? b. analyze the effects of an oil supply shock that causes a temporary increase in the inflation, using the three-equation model. assume that the shock lasts for one period and then assumes the value 2%. describe the mechanisms that bring the economy back to long-run equilibrium. what happens to aggregate supply? c. consider an economy that starts out in steady state when the central bank decides to make the inflation target more ambitious. analyze the effects of a decrease in the inflation target from m to mt. explain the mechanism behind the adjustment to the new steady state.For each of the three theories for the upward slopeof the short-run aggregate-supply curve, carefullyexplain the following:a. how the economy recovers from a recession andreturns to its long-run equilibrium without anypolicy interventionb. what determines the speed of that recoveryConsider a closed economy that begins with her long run equilibrium.Recently, households become more pessimistic. They tend to save more to getprepared.Adopt the sticky-wage model of the short run aggregate supply to explain theshort run effects of this shock. Also, explain the gradual long run adjustmentsover time using the sticky-wage model of the short run aggregate supply. Assume the policymakers do not accommodate the shock.
- All else equal, a decline in price of inputs across the economy — such as labor — causes 6) A) Rightward shift of aggregate demand [AD] and a higher real GDP [Y] B) Leftward shift of aggregate supply [AS] and a lower Y C) Rightward shift of AS and a higher Y D) Leftward shift of AD and deflationWith the onset of COVID-19, the Fed, led by Fed Chairman Jerome Powell, lowered its target interest rate (the federal funds rate) by 1.5 percentage points, to a range of 0.00-0.25 percent. This was done with 2 rate cuts during March 2020. Consider the aggregate demand-aggregate supply diagram below, which represents the macroeconomy. Suppose the market is initially (with the onset of COVID) at an equilibrium at point A. What effect will the Fed's actions have on this economy?Specific subject - Macroeconomic Analyse the case of a negative supply shock caused by an increase in oil prices and compare with the shock caused by the Covid pandemic. What would be the similarities and differences between the two shocks? What would be the effect of an expansionary economic policy (increase in aggregate demand)? Graph What measures or government intervention would be most appropriate to deal with both types of shocks? Graph Compare the adjustment in both cases with and without government intervention. Graph