Botulinum toxin (Botox) works by blocking the exocytosis of acetylcholine. A number of different medical and cosmetic procedures use this chemical. Injection of small quantities of botulinum toxin (Botox) into specific overactive muscles causes muscle relaxation that smooths the skin and reduces wrinkles. Injection into certain spinal ganglia helps reduce a certain form of chronic pain, and injections into the salivary glands causes the reduction of overactive saliva production.   What type of toxin is Botox?    Agonist or Antagonist

Q: b) scorpion, he felt numbness in his fingers due to the neurotoxin produced by the scorpion which is…

A: Scorpion Venom would affect the duration and amplitude of an action potential.

Q: Of the below, what do neurotransmitters do?   stimulate presynaptic terminals.   remain in the…

A: Neurotransmitters are defined as the chemical messengers that allow the transmission of a message…

Q: A nurse uses a whirlpool to relax a patient following intense physical therapy to restore movement…

A: We know that Sense of pain is mediated by the nervous system. Neurons are the principal functional…

Q: Among the following elements, which one is essential for the transmission of impulses in the nerve…

A: Nerve impulse is generally transmitted from one neuron to the another neuron because of the…

Q: A fight-or-flight response in the body is controlled by thea. sympathetic division of the nervous…

A: The nervous system is highly complex among different organ systems in animals. By transmitting…

Q: High levels of caffeine are known to make people "jittery" or have shakey movements. Tests of people…

A: Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages across the world. One cup of coffee in the morning and…

Q: The autonomous nervous system regulates involuntary functions of the body and can be subdivided into…

A: The body shows different responses in different situations like in case of flight or fight the…

Q: which of the following is the best comparison of GABA and glutamate Select one: a. all of these are…

A: Glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are important neurotransmitters in the mammalian brain.…

Q: What are the two major classes of neurotransmitter? How dotheir modes of action differ? Give an…

A: Neurotransmitters are the substances which neurons use to communicate with one another and with…

Q: Certain types of snake venom contain a-bungarotoxin, which is a competitive antagonist for nAChR.…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: Which of the following is a correct functional match for CGMP? A Opens calcium ion channels Smooth…

A: B-Smooth muscle relaxation cGMP is a typical controller of particle channel conductance,…

Q: Many potent insecticides contain toxins called organo- phosphates, which interfere with the action…

A: Organophosphates are the most common class of insecticides which when used in larger amounts without…

Q: During synaptic transmission, neurotransmitters help to open gates on the postsynaptic skeletal…

A: Excitation in pre-synaptic membrane => opening of calcium ion VGIC (voltage gated ion…

Q: Which of the following statements about the relationship between the nervous and endocrine systems…

A: Nervous system and endocrine systems are  co-ordinate with each other. The master of endocrine…

Q: Alcohol addiction is a condition in which a person experiences dependent on alcohol and difficult to…

A: Alcohol has been shown to quickly pass membrane barriers, influence the brain, and central nervous…

Q: Which of the following would NOT allow you to determine whether a neurotransmitter’s release is…

A: Introduction :-  Neurotransmitters are chemical compounds or messengers that are synthesized in…

Q: Dopamine is a neurotransmitter produced by the nervous system that is involved in the…

A: The nervous system, also known as the neural system, is a complex network of neurons that are…

Q: A research lab developed a drug and they hired you to help figure out what type of receptor is being…

A: Cholinergic receptors are  type of receptors that present on the cells and gets activated only with…

Q: opens calcium ion channels CAMP glucose mobilization IP3 smooth muscle relaxation DAG activates…

A: Biological pathways are complex mechanisms that require the involvement of various factors and…

Q: What would happen to an insect if you treated an insect with a chemical that inhibits…

A: Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors:  Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), also known as…

Q: Which of the following is associated with pain relief? a. acetylcholine c. serotonin b. glutamate d.…

A: Introduction: The term pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual…

Q: n effector neuron is a motor neuron that transmits impulses from the CNS to an effector (muscle or…

A: Only if the stimulus is as intense as the skeletal muscle fiber's threshold will it be activated.…

Q: A pre-synaptic neuron releases the excitatory neurotransmitter Glutamate. What must be present in…

A: Signals are transmitted by the nervous system to the brain and spinal cord as a result we do our…

Q: n order for the muscles to contract ______ must bind to receptors in the muscles. a) Serotonin b)…

A:

Q: Neurotransmitters, the chemicals used in signaling across synapses, can be either re-absorbed by the…

A: Neurotransmitters can serve as chemical messengers for ion channels, neurotransmitter mainly causes…

Q: In muscles, acetylcholine is released by the _________________________and opens specific channels…

A: Answer : Motor  neuron , Sodium Ion

Q: Which of the following is NOT a true statement? Action potentials are generated only when a neuron…

A: There are few important points that should be kept in mind: Neurons possess electrical excitability…

Q: The patient's muscle weakness, dizziness, and nausea are all due to hypokalemia. How does…

A: When the serum potassium level decreases from the normal value then it arises a condition to define…

Q: Which of the following is FALSE about action potentials?      At resting potential, there are more…

A: Change in the membrane potential are brought about by changes in ion movement across the membrane.…

Q: How would a metabolic inhibitor that blocks ATPase function affect the resting potential of nerve…

A: ATPases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of a phosphate bond in adenosine…

Q: If a person is given an experimental drug, which response would indicate that this drug is an…

A: Answer:  EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE are the chemicals which acts as neurotransmitters in the…

Q: If a patient was bitten by a poisonous spider (black widow) and the effects of its venom occurred at…

A: The neurons are the smallest units of the nervous system. they are the nerve cells that are involved…

Q: Which one of the following is the correct sequence of events that correlates to the sequence of…

A: Any response to a particular stimulus travels from body towards the nervous system via nerve…

Q: Which of the following statements is most correct about the speed of neural transmission? Myelinated…

A: "The nervous system" of all animals is made up of unique cells known as neurons, which serve as the…

Q: Which of the following is associated with the parasympathetic nervous system? gastric secretion…

A:

Q: Explain how botox injection produces such desired result.

A: Botox injection is a non surgical cosmetic procedure to remove wrinkles on the face by paralyzing…

Q: In the disease myasthenia gravis, the human body makes—by mistake— antibodies to its own…

A: Myasthenia gravis is the weakening and degrading of the muscle. It affects the voluntary muscle. It…

Q: We regularly make conscious decisions to make specific muscular movements. For example, when using…

A: motor neurons are the neurons which originate from the CNS and supplies to all peripheral tissues…

Q: Which of the following is an incorrect pairing?a. norepinephrine dilates the pupilb. epinephrine…

A: The molecules, which are accountable for conducting information between the cells in the body, are…

Q: A molecule that interferes with the formation of CAMP would have no effect on an adrenergic synapse.…

A: cAMP It refers to cyclic adenosine monophosphate. It is a second messenger that is involved in the…

Q: Which of the following statements is mismatched with the neurotransmitter? binds to muscarinic…

A: Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers involved in neurotransmission. These are released at the…

Q: Is atropine a competitive or a non-competitive antagonist of acetylcholine-induced responses? How…

A: The antagonist can be defined as substances that inhibit or interfere in the activity of other…

Q: Binding of neurotransmitter to the motor end plate leads to depolarization because the…

A: Events  that occur at neuromuscular junction that results in muscle contraction are :  Action…

Q: The___division of the nervous system carries nerve impulses to glands; cardiac muscles (heart) ; and…

A: Answer is Visceral Motor Autonomic Nervous System

Q: Which of the following statements about action potentials and information transmission in the…

A: Introduction Action potential:- It is defined as a transitory, fast, sudden, and propagating change…

Q: Clostridium botulinum is a bacteria that produces a toxin. The toxin is deadly to most animals,…

A: Clostridium botulinum  is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria, spore forming and anaerobic. It is…

Q: Botulinum toxin (Botox) works by blocking the exocytosis of acetylcholine. A number of different…

A: botox is a very poisonous toxin , which acts on the nervous system .

Q: Nicotinic receptors bind A. acetylcholine and allow chloride ions to exit the cell. B.…

A: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are proteinous structures that receive and transduce signals from…

Stress

Stress is defined as the feeling of being overwhelmed or unable to cope with emotional or mental pressure. Any event or action that makes a person annoyed, furious, or nervous can trigger it. Chemical changes in the body caused by stress can cause blood pressure, blood sugar levels, and heart rate to rise.