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- 2. One manifestation of cytochrome oxidase deficiency in humans is severe muscle weakness. Briefly explain why. 3. Clostridium bacteria are killed in the presence of molecular oxygen. Would you expect Clostridium to produce catalase? Briefly explain.Why does growth of ETPUM in Medium # require oxygen? ' ink about this in terms of howETPUM can generate a net gain in ATP by processing polyurethane. Remember that the degradationof polyurethane by polyurethanase does not expend ATP. In order to answer this question, address eachof the following questions in your answer:a. Is there a net gain or loss of ATP during the transport of the citrate?b. Consider the ATPs that can be generated via substrate-level phosphorylation. Will glycolysis beuseful for generating any ATPs during growth on polyurethane? How many ATPs can be generatedvia TCA? Is this enough to support growth (is there a net positive in the ATP tally)?c. Now consider how else ETPUM can generate ATPs (if not by substrate- level phosphorylation). Canthis process generate a net positive in the ATP tally?d. Now explain the importance of oxygen as relates to the ATP tally.1. What are the effects of pH and temperature to catalase? What is the optimum pH and optimum temperature for catalase? 2. Explain why the rate of reaction initially increases with increase in temperature then gradually declines as the temperature is further increased. 3. Is the rate of enzymatic reaction always directly dependent on enzyme concentration? Explain. 4. Explain the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity. 5. What is the effect of CuSO, on the enzymatic activity of catalase? 6. Is CuSO4 an activator or inhibitor? If it is an inhibitor, what kind of inhibitor is it?
- The reverse synthesis of ceramides synthesized biologically from sphingosine is possible. 1. What type of reaction would this be? 2. How would the pH of the skin where this reaction is most likely to take place affect this reaction?1. Substrates and reactive groups in an enzyme’s active site must be precisely aligned in order for a productive reaction to occur. Why, then, is some conformational flexibility also a requirement for catalysis? 2. Some plants contain compounds that inhibit serine proteases. It has been hypothesized that these compounds protect the plant from proteolytic enzymes of insects and microorganisms that would damage the plant. Tofu, or bean curd, possesses these compounds. Manufacturers of tofu treat it to eliminate serine protease inhibitors. Why is this treatment necessary?Which of the following statements is true? a. Plotting the rate of facilitated transport against substrates gives a sigmoidal curve b. Facilitated carrier proteins can be saturated by substrates c. Both A and B d. Neither A nor B The catalytic triad of chymotrypsin and other serine proteases consists of _________ A. three subunits of the enzyme. B. three amino acid residues close enough in space to make serine a strong nucleophile. C. three enzymes with very similar structural features. D. three amino acid residues adjacent in the primary structure which act to make serine a strong nucleophile. E. None of the above.
- 1. Demonstrate your understanding whether carrier-free biocatalysts should or should not be considered as good biocatalysts. You discussion must be in detail and related to biocatalysis. You can provide detail explanation or provide example. 2. Compare and contrast the following pairs of terms. Relate their similarities and differences to applications in biocatalysis. Zymonomas sp. and Saccharomyces sp.1.Why do you think glutathione occurs in a concentration as high as glucose? 2.Explain why glutathione must be transported from cytosol to mitochondria. 3.Explain why glutathione can confer therapeutic benefit when taken orally.1. How is creatine biochemically formed in mammalian cells? 2. Why would it be more correct to call concentrated ammonium hydroxide by the alternative name ammonia water?
- J. C. Servaites, in Plant Physiol. (1985) 78:839–843, observed that Rubisco from tobacco leaves collected before dawn had a much lower specific activity than the enzyme collected at noon. This difference persisted despite extensive dialysis, gel filtration, or heat treatment. However, precipitation of the predawn enzyme by 50% (NH4)2SO4 restored the specific activity to the level of the noon-collected enzyme. Suggest an explanation.6 If radio-labeled C-5 of glucose is used for glycolysis and alcoholic fermentation, which carbon in the final product(s) is labeled? Please explain the trace of the radio-labeled carbon in all the key steps (i.e. which carbon is labeled in FBP, DHAP/GAP, and pyruvate). Please answer the question by specifically stating which carbon is labeled in the final product and which carbon is labeled in each step. Thank You!#1)What are the main roles of the following amino acids; (within the crystal structure and/or active site. be specific, with pictures and mechanistic arrows as needed) -Glu305 from pyruvate carboxylase -Gln23 from Penecilin Acylase -Ser203 from Acetylcholinesterase #2) Why is L-tetrahydro-2-furoic acid would be a suitable inhibitor for Proline oxidase?