Briefly outline the reactions involved in ketone production.

Q: Draw a simplified citric acid cycle and indicate the high-energy products.

A: Cellular respiration is defined as the process by which sugars obtained from the diet are converted…

Q: Acetoacetate undergoes a spontaneous decarboxylation to produce what?

A: The decarboxylation reaction is the chemical reaction that deals with the removal of carbon in the…

Q: List the ketone bodies. Where are they synthesized and where are they used?

A: Ketone bodies have a distinct odour that can be detected in the breath of people in ketosis or…

Q: Compare the transketolase and transaldolase reactions in terms of substrates, products, mechanism,…

A: Transaldolase is an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of sedoheptulose-7-phosphate and…

Q: Outline the reactions in the a-oxidation pathway

A: The process of α-oxidation results in the removal of the first carbon atom. The carboxyl group of…

Q: Describe the tricarboxylic acid cycle?

A: The Citric acid cycle is also known as tricarboxylic acid and the Krebs cycle. It completes the…

Q: Write the inhibitors of following metabolic pathways 1. glycolysis 2. TCA

A: Generally products of a reaction acts as a inhibitor and substrates of a reaction acts as a…

Q: Explain the term  metabolism, anabolism, and catabolism.

A: Catabolism and anabolism are 2 broad categories of biochemical reactions make up metabolism.

Q: Define the term Triglyceride metabolism?

A: Triglycerides are a kind of fat. These are the most common fat in the body. These are obtained from…

Q: What steps are taken in beta-oxidation?

A: Beta-oxidation:                 A metabolic process in which the fatty acid molecules are shattered…

Q: What is the reaction principle of alpha-amylase?

A: Alpha-amylase: It is an enzyme that is found in saliva and helps in digestion. It hydrolyses bonds…

Q: Describe the process of the hydrolysis of glycogen?

A: The glycogen is a rapidly mobilized glucose form and is used for storage in the body. It is a large…

Q: Describe ketone bodies and their role in metabolism

A: Ketone bodies are predominant furl sources for all evolutionary domains of life. The body can use…

Q: How is acetyl coenzyme A formed?

A: Acetyl coenzyme A is the intermediate of TCA cycle where it is oxidised to carbon dioxide in the…

Q: Classify transaldolase, reaction shown below.

A: Transaldolase is an enzyme that converts ketone sugar into aldose sugar by transferring the carbon…

Q: Discuss ketogenesis in details and also specify the ketone bodies.

A: Ketone bodies are ketone-containing lipid molecules that are used as alternative energy sources for…

Q: Discuss galactose metabolism.

A: Galactose metabolism : It occurs in the cytoplasm of cells of the liver. Galactose gets metabolized…

Q: Write the reactions in which glucose-6-phosphate is obtained and used.

A: Glucose-6 phosphate is the first intermediate of glucose metabolism and plays a central role in the…

Q: Describe the general metabolic pathways of carbohydratemetabolism.

A: The cellular processes occur via stepwise chemical reactions in which these reactions are…

Q: Define beta oxidation.

A: Beta-oxidation alludes to the arrangement of responses happening in the mitochondria that separate…

Q: Describe the biosynthesis of fatty acids .

A: In the cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum of the cell biosynthesis of fatty acid occur.  In…

Q: Describe the glyoxylate cycle and discuss its purpose.

A: Metabolism is a series of chemical reactions inside the living body. It is a process by which the…

Q: CHOOSE THE CORRECT LETTER Which of the following diets would most likely promote the production of…

A: Ketosis is a metabolic state known by elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood.

Q: Define ketone body

A: All cells require energy for their functioning including metabolic processes. Glucose is the primary…

Q: Define oxidative deamination

A: Deamination is considered as the process in which the removal of the amino group from the molecule.

Q: Ketone bodies are used as an alternative source of fuel during starvation. Describe how ketones are…

A: The process of the formation of ketone bodies is collectively termed as ketogenesis. They are…

Q: Explain how the body maintains the blood ph in ketoacidosis

A: Ketoacidosis is a disease due to higher levels of ketones in the blood.  The standard buffering…

Q: Are There Other Ways to Oxidize Fatty Acids?

A: Beta oxidation is the main process through which the oxidation of fatty acids occurs. The main site…

Q: Identify the participants in the citric acid cycle that contain alcohol groups. Identify these…

A: Alcohol is any class of organic compounds. It is categorized by the presence of two or more hydroxyl…

Q: make a flow chart of a drug and show its metabolism noting if there are active metabolites where…

A: Xenobiotics is a chemical substance seen in an organisms that is naturally produced or present in…

Q: What is another name for the glycolate pathway?

A: The process of respiration that is initiated in the chloroplast and takes place only during the day…

Q: Explain the mechanisms for the control of the citric acid cycle ?

A: The citric acid cycle is a pathway for the aerobic breakdown of fuel molecules like glucose. It also…

Q: Explain the activation of long chain fatty acids.

A: ACTIVATION OF AMINO ACID: Fatty acids are activated by reaction with CoA to form fatty acyl CoA. The…

Q: Infants do not have the ability to metabolize ethanol and are assumed to lack the enzyme alcohol…

A: Ethanol is used for in neonatal and infant liquid medications. However, the pharmacokinetics,…

Q: If a urine sample from a patient gave a strongly positive test for both glucose and ketone bodies,…

A: High glucose level in urine: This physiological problem is associated with a person suffering from…

Q: Explain the Hydrolysis of triacylglycerols ?

A: Triacylglycerol is stored fat in the adipose tissue. Triacylglycerol are formed from esterification…

Q: Show how pentanoic acid is catabolized by beta-oxidation and clearly indicate where the products go.

A: Most fatty acids are degraded by sequential removal of two-carbon fragments from the carboxyl end…

Q: What are ketone bodies?

A: Ketone bodies have an important role as an energy source during starvation. They are used by extra…

Q: Why is oxidative decarboxylation important?

A: The citric acid cycle is the last frequent mechanism for fuel molecules to be oxidized. It also acts…

Q: Explain the role of holoenzyme ?

A: Enzymes are bio-catalyst. They increase the speed of reaction by lowering their activation energy.…

Q: Compare the steps involved in the formation of ketone bodies.

A: Ketone bodies are formed by the oxidation of fatty acid in the liver which is not used up by liver…

Q: Briefly discuss the Glyoxylate Pathway

A: The glyoxylate cycle enables acetyl-CoA to be converted into malate. This cycle occurs in the…