Bruce had a disagreement with a new federal agency set up to give additional funds for college to individuals with an aptitude for math. After a hearing, the agency determined that Bruce had no aptitude for math and that he would not receive any funding. Bruce, however, was not discouraged. He told his friend Laura, who just graduated from law school, that he would simply appeal the decision to federal court, have the judge do a fresh review, and provide additional information to the judge regarding his math aptitude that the agency did not have. He feels certain that he will win at the federal court level. Assuming the decision by the administrative agency was a factual finding, what should Laura tell Bruce regarding the standard of review the administrative agency will likely apply?That the agency will likely apply a de novo, or new, review.That the agency will likely apply an arbitrary and capricious standard in any review.That the agency will likely apply a substantial evidence standard in any review.That the agency will likely apply a preponderance of the evidence standard in any review
Compound Probability
Compound probability can be defined as the probability of the two events which are independent. It can be defined as the multiplication of the probability of two events that are not dependent.
Tree diagram
Probability theory is a branch of mathematics that deals with the subject of probability. Although there are many different concepts of probability, probability theory expresses the definition mathematically through a series of axioms. Usually, these axioms express probability in terms of a probability space, which assigns a measure with values ranging from 0 to 1 to a set of outcomes known as the sample space. An event is a subset of these outcomes that is described.
Conditional Probability
By definition, the term probability is expressed as a part of mathematics where the chance of an event that may either occur or not is evaluated and expressed in numerical terms. The range of the value within which probability can be expressed is between 0 and 1. The higher the chance of an event occurring, the closer is its value to be 1. If the probability of an event is 1, it means that the event will happen under all considered circumstances. Similarly, if the probability is exactly 0, then no matter the situation, the event will never occur.
Bruce had a disagreement with a new federal agency set up to give additional funds for college to individuals with an aptitude for math. After a hearing, the agency determined that Bruce had no aptitude for math and that he would not receive any funding. Bruce, however, was not discouraged. He told his friend Laura, who just graduated from law school, that he would simply appeal the decision to federal court, have the judge do a fresh review, and provide additional information to the judge regarding his math aptitude that the agency did not have. He feels certain that he will win at the federal court level. Assuming the decision by the administrative agency was a factual finding, what should Laura tell Bruce regarding the standard of review the administrative agency will likely apply?That the agency will likely apply a de novo, or new, review.That the agency will likely apply an arbitrary and capricious standard in any review.That the agency will likely apply a substantial evidence standard in any review.That the agency will likely apply a preponderance of the evidence standard in any review
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