Buteyko method, scope of inference: Exercise 1.4 introduces a study on using the Buteyko shallow breathing technique to reduce asthma symptoms and improve quality of life. As part of this study 600 asthma patients aged 18-69 who relied on medication for asthma treatment were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups: one practiced the Buteyko method and the other did not. Those in the Buteyko group experienced, on average, a significant reduction in asthma symptoms and an improvement in quality of life. a) Identify the population of interest in the study. b) Identify the sample in this study. c) Can the results of the study can be generalized to the population? d) Can the findings of the study be used to establish causal relationships?

Study 2: Pill Appearance and Perceived Pain.    Does the shape or color of a pain pill influence its effectiveness?  Although logically it shouldn’t, whether we believe a drug will work does have a powerful effect on our perceptions (e.g., placebo effect).  In this experiment, 4 groups of adult patients were given the same amount of Advil after dental surgery for pain relief, but the color and shape of the pill varied.  Researchers hypothesized that an unusual shape or color would lead people to believe the pills were new and special and thus would expect them to be more effective than common round, white pills. Researchers also wanted to know if there is an interaction between shape and color Data Labels ShapePill {1=Round; 2=Diamond} ColorPill {1=White; 2=BlueGreen} Gender {0=Woman; 1=Man; 2=Nonbinary person) Descriptions of the Variables and Descriptive Statistics: Referring to the JASP output, and using sentences, present the descriptive statistics of each group: for example:…

Dr. Mackintosh believes a new olfactory therapy would be more successful in promoting weight loss among obese patients. His patients are first weighed and then randomly assigned to olfactory therapy, dance therapy, or a control condition. At the end of the three weeks, the amount of weight lost is recorded. The results indicate no significant difference in the amount of weight lost between the three conditions. If true differences existed between the conditions, but they were not detected, what kind of error occurred?

MTH2003 SP 2023 4. If you are a dog lover, perhaps having your dog along reduces the effect of stress. To examine the effect of pets in stressful situations, researchers recruited 48 women who said they were dog lovers. Sixteen of the subjects were randomly assigned to each of three groups to do a stressful task-alone (the control group C), with a good friend present (F), or with their dog present (P). The subject's average heart rate during the task is one measure of the effect of stress. The following is the output Based on the screenshot of analysis, please record the information from ANOVA run on crunch-it. . listed below in your answer, and then draw your conclusion. Be sure to decide if this was appropriate to run in the first place. Write a one or two sentence summary in non-statistical language to describe what you have found, not how you found it. Your audience is people who have never had a statistics class (think of middle of the road 8th graders, not the really bright…

Does the test result Provide sufficient evidence that light alcohol consumption has a negative impact on the driving performance of a sleep deprived driver. Why or why not

It has been hypothesized that allergies result from a lack of early childhood exposure to antigens. If this hypothesis were true, then we would expect allergies to be more common in very hygienic households with low levels of bacteria and other infectious agents. To test this theory, researchers at the University of Colorado sampled the houses of 61 children 9-24 months old and recorded two variables: (1) whether the child tested positive for allergies and (2) the concentration of bacterial endotoxin in the house dust (endotoxin units per ml, EU/ml)1. The following are the endotoxin levels at the homes of the 51 children tested negative for allergies.  708.23  911.60  976.81  1316.63  262.74  9772.08  370.76  229.16  2570.51891.19  3163.20  1777.65  1288.57  436.23  2631.63  1173.52  911.67  7942.42  740.32  356.92  1175.48  1480.55  2754.61  575.62  573.89  468.26 1000.71  364.22  1025.26  1022.04  645.41  363.57  977.47  1022.75  1860.63 371.13  174.73  399.68  1479.77  2882.96…

In a study of 301 Hispanic women living in San Antonia, Texas, one variable of interest was the percentage of subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). IFG refers to a metabolic stage intermediate between normal glucose homeostasis and diabetes. In the study, 24 women were classified in the IFG stage. The article cites population estimates for IFG among Hispanic women in Texas as 6.3%. Is there sufficient evidence to indicate the population of Hispanic women in San Antonio has a prevalence of IFG higher than 6.3%? Use 95% confidence level and the p -value method to form your conclusion. Choose the correct null and alternative hypothesis.

what is the p value? is the p-value low? can we conclude?

Migraine and Acupuncture: A migraine is a particularly painful type of headache, which patients sometimes wish to treat with acupuncture. To determine whether acupuncture relieves migraine pain, researchers conducted a randomized controlled study where patients diagnosed with migraine headaches were randomly assigned to one of two groups: treatment or control.Patients in the treatment group received acupuncture that is specifically designed to treat migraines and patients in the control group received placebo acupuncture (needle insertion at non-acupoint locations). 24 hours after patients received acupuncture, they were asked if they were pain free. Results are summarized in the contingency table below. Test to see if migraine pain relief is dependent on receiving acupuncture. Test at the 8% level and round expected values to one decimal place. Pain Relief Yes (Observed) Yes (Expected Value) No (Observed) No (Expected Value) Row Total No Relief 29   29   58 Control 91   103…

Prices of diamonds are very sensitive to their weight (measured in carat). For example, the price of a 1 carat diamond tends to be much higher than the price of a 0.99 carats diamond. To study this phenomenon in more detail, we consider two random samples of diamonds, 0.99 carats and 1 carat, each sample of size 23. The average price of 0.99 carats diamonds in the sample is $4451, while the average price of 1 carat diamonds in the sample is $5681. From long-term studies, we know that both the prices of 0.99 carats diamonds and the prices of 1 carat diamonds are normally distributed with standard deviations oj = $1332 (0.99 carats) and o2 = $1613 (1 carat), respectively. (a) Carry out a hypothesis test at significance level 0.01 to evaluate whether the true average price µi of 0.99 carats diamonds is lower than the true average price µ2 of 1 carat diamonds. Specify Ho and Ha, the test statistic, and calculate the p-value or use p-value considerations to conclude. (b) Compute the type II…