Cadmium is used as a thermal neutron shield in an average flux of 101² neutrons/cm²/s. How long will it take to use up 10% of the 1³Cd atoms?

Q: A 1.13-cm panel of a certain material can absorb 86.5% of incoming rays from a radioactive source.…

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Q: Radium 226 has a half life of 2 points 1620 years. What is the mass of a sampóle which undergoes…

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Q: The isotope of Curium 242Cm has a half-life of 160 days and emits alpha particles with an energy…

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Q: Consider the 6429Cu nucleus. Find approximate values for the following. (a) radius fm (b) volume m3…

A: The nuclear radius can be approximated by the formula- R=r0(A)13, where r0=1.25 fm           A is…

Q: Use the isotope table (either linked here or previously printed out) to determine the mass defect of…

A: Given:-  Neon -20 atomic no. of neon (Z) = 10 Δm = mass defect [atomic mass unit (amu)] mp = mass of…

Q: Iridium-192, a beta emitter, is used in medicine to treat certain cancers. The 192Ir is used as a…

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Q: An a grain with a kinetic energy of 5 MeV approaches an Au (gold) nucleus with the sighting…

A: Given, The energy of the alpha particle T=5 MeV=5×106 eV Zα=2ZAu=79rAu=7 fm = 7×10-15 m

Q: The cadmium isotope 109Cd has a half-life of 462 days. A sample begins with 1.0 × 1012 109Cd atoms.…

A: According to the relation, N=N0etτ N0 is the initial number of Cd atoms, N is the number of atoms…

Q: When is a neutron unstable? b) If you have a bunch of lone neutrons, what fraction of them will…

A: a) Nuclear reactions always release energy. Also since energy is produced by destroying or…

Q: What is beta for a particle with (a) K= 2.00E0 and (b) E= 2.00E0?

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Q: The half-life of 232/92U is 70 years. How long will it take a sample of 232/92U containing 16,384…

A: The radioactive decay law is given by, N=N0e-λt Here, N is the number of atoms remaining after time…

Q: What is the likely mass number of a spherical nucleus with a radius of 3.6 fm as measured by…

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Q: Why do most alpha particles fired through a piece of gold foil emerge almost undeflected?

A: Gold foil contain gold atoms. The size of gold atom is bigger than the size of alpha particle. There…

Q: Control rods are usually made of an alloy of indium. The absorption cross-section of indium for…

A: Given data: Thickness (t) = 1 cm σ=71 barnρ=7.31 g/cm3 Need to determine the neutron transmission…

Q: Using the ideal gas equation, calculate the density of radon gas at 8.0 K and 9.0 atm, Give your…

A: Given that,Temperature, T=8 KPressure, P=9 atmdensity=?

Q: To minimize neutron leakage from a reactor, the ratio of the surface area to the volume should be a…

A: a) For the case of sphere,

Q: What is the nuclear equation for C (beta deca а. a. 1C → 14N + ĝe b. 1C N + de -> c. C - 14N + Ge d.…

A: Answer:) option(c)

Q: Given the atomic masses below, calculate the exact nuclear binding energy (in MeV to 4 SD) of a N-15…

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Q: When a uranium isotope U is bombarded with 92 89 a neutron, it generates 36 Kr , three neutrons and:

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Q: Consider the nucleus. Find approximate values for its (a) radius, (b) volume, and (c) density

A: The expression for the nuclear radii,

Q: A neutron star is a stellar object whose density is about that of nuclear matter, 2 *1017 kg/m3.…

A: We know,

Q: U-235 releases an average of 2.5 neutrons per fission, while Pu-239 releases an average of 2.7…

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Q: Using Dulong- Petit Law, estimate the high temperature heat capacity (in J/kg K) for uranium metal…

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Q: How many kJ of energy are released to form one mole of 133Cs from protons and neutrons if the atom…

A: E = mc2 m =132.905429 amu = 132.905429 x  1.66 x 10-27 kg c= 3x108 m/s

Q: Given a half-life of a radioactive source is 435 years. Calculate the time taken for its activity to…

A: Half life of a radioactive substance is given. We are Required to calculate the time it takes for…

Q: An aluminum foil of thickness 0.30 mm is bombarded by energetic neutrons. The aluminum nuclei…

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Q: The atomic mass of iron, Fe, is 55.9349 u and the mass of Hydrogen, mu =1.007825 u and the mass of…

A: Number of neutrons in .

Q: Calculate the mass-defects of oxygen-16 (oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and atomic weight of…

A: Calculate the mass-defects of oxygen-16 (oxygen has an atomic number of 8 and atomic weight of…

Q: 5. The capture cross section ơ̟ of >ºCo for thermal neutrons is 37 b. (а) 5°CO (p = 8.9 x 10° kg.m3)…

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Q: Given the atomic masses below, calculate the exact nuclear binding energy (in MeV to 4 SD) of a N-15…

A: mass of neutron = 1.008665 u mass of hydrogen = 1.007825 u mass of proton = 1.007276 u mass of N-15…

Q: Consider the 50 Fe nucleus. Find approximate values for its radius, volume, and density. 26 (a)…

A: a) Let A denote the atomic mass number. Evaluate the radius (r) of the Iron atom.

Q: A 30-g sample of 5'Co is positioned in the core of a reactor with an average neutron flux of 1014…

A: Given: Mass of sample = 30 gm Neutron flux = 1014 neutrons/cm2 Half life of Co-60 = 5.3 years

Q: If the half-life of actinium-227 is 21.8 years, approximately how much time will be required to…

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Q: The half-life of radon-222 is 2.8 days. How many days would it take for the activity due to radon in…

A: Given that:- Half life of radon-222=2.8 days

Q: Why is uranium-235 used in nuclear fission? why is uranium-235 one of the only elements ideal for…

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Q: Calculate the mass defect for Deuterium (Hydrogen-2). Mass of Hydrogen-1 is 1.0078 amu Mass of…

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Q: Question 1. Tritium has a a tritium sample will remain (a) after 5.00 yr?

A: GivenHalf Life for Tritium, t1/2=12.33 years

Q: Calculate the mass defect of Nitrogen (A= 14, Z = 7). The atomic mass of Nitrogen is 14.00307 u.…

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Q: In order to minimize neutron leakage from a reactor, the ratio of the surface area to the volume…

A: (a) The ratio of the surface area (A) and the volume (V) of the sphere of the radius a can be…

Q: The activity of a particular radioactive nuclide falls from 1 × 10! Bq to 2 x 1010 Bq in 10 hours.…

A: Activity of a particular radioactive nuclide falls from, A0 = 1×1011 BqAt =2×1010 Bqat, t = 10 hours

Q: Calculate the mass defect for the neon-20 nucleus. The mass of neon-20 is 19.992440 u. The mass…

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Q: The linear absorption coefficient for 5-MeV g fourth the intensity of beam of such gamma O A. 8.9 mm…

A: GivenLinear absorption coefficient for 5 MeV gamma rays in lead ,α=78 m-1And IntensityIIo=14

Q: 2) Of the main types of radiation emitted from naturally radioactive isotopes, which is the most…

A: Of the main types of radiation emitted from naturally radioactive isotopes,most penetrating is

Q: A 1.00 g sample of samarium emits alpha particles at a rate of 120 particles/s. The responsible…

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Q: Calculate the range (mm) of a Beta particle that emitted from this reaction in a concrete bar of…

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Radioactive decay

The emission of energy to produce ionizing radiation is known as radioactive decay. Alpha, beta particles, and gamma rays are examples of ionizing radiation that could be released. Radioactive decay happens in radionuclides, which are imbalanced atoms. This periodic table's elements come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Several of these kinds are stable like nitrogen-14, hydrogen-2, and potassium-40, whereas others are not like uranium-238. In nature, one of the most stable phases of an element is usually the most prevalent. Every element, meanwhile, has an unstable state. Unstable variants are radioactive and release ionizing radiation. Certain elements, including uranium, have no stable forms and are constantly radioactive. Radionuclides are elements that release ionizing radiation.

Artificial Radioactivity

The radioactivity can be simply referred to as particle emission from nuclei due to the nuclear instability. There are different types of radiation such as alpha, beta and gamma radiation. Along with these there are different types of decay as well.