Calculate E for the following unbalanced reactions. Indicate if the reactions are spontaneous as written. (a) Al3+(aq) + Mg(s) → Al(s) + Mg2+(aq) (b) ClO4-(aq) +Mn2+(aq) + H2O(l) → MnO4-(aq) + H+(aq) + ClO3-(aq) Given data: Al3+ + 3e-→Al      Ered =-1.66 v Mg2+ + 2e-→Mg    Ered= -2.37 v MnO4- + 8H+ +5e-→Mn2+ + 4H2O    Ered= 1.51 v ClO4- + 2H+ +2e- →ClO3- + H2O       Ered= 1.19 v

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Batteries

A battery is simply an electrochemical cell or group of cells that generate electric current. Batteries are the devices that generate current using redox reactions. These reactions proceed by the transfer of electrons. An ideal battery or cell should produce a constant voltage. A battery should actually be light in weight.