1 The Nature Of Light 2 Geometric Optics And Image Formation 3 Interference 4 Diffraction 5 Relativity 6 Photons And Matter Waves 7 Quantum Mechanics 8 Atomic Structure 9 Condensed Matter Physics 10 Nuclear Physics 11 Particle Physics And Cosmology Chapter8: Atomic Structure
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 8.1CYU: Check Your Understanding Can the magnitude of Lzever be equal to L? Problem 8.2CYU: Check Your Understanding If the Stem-Gerlach experiment yielded four distinct bands instead of two,... Problem 8.3CYU: Check Your Understanding X-rays are produced by bombarding a metal target with high-energy... Problem 1CQ: Identify the physical significance of each of the quantum numbers of the hydrogen atom. Problem 2CQ: Describe the ground state of hydrogen in terms of wave function, probability density, and atomic... Problem 3CQ: Distinguish between Bohr’s and Schiödinger’s model of the hydrogen atom. In particular, compare the... Problem 4CQ: Explain why spectral lines of the hydrogen atom are split by an external magnetic field. What... Problem 5CQ: A hydrogen atom is placed in a magnetic field. Which of the following quantities are affected? (a)... Problem 6CQ: On what factors does the orbital magnetic dipole moment of an electron depend? Problem 7CQ: Explain how a hydrogen atom in the ground state (l = 0) can interact magnetically with an external... Problem 8CQ: Compare orbital angular momentum with spin angular momentum of an electron in the hydrogen atom. Problem 9CQ: List all the possible values of s and msfor an electron. Are there particles for which these values... Problem 10CQ: Are the angular momentum vectors L necessarily S aligned? Problem 11CQ: What is spin-orbit coupling? Problem 12CQ: What is Pauli's exclusion principle? Explain the importance of this principle for the understanding... Problem 13CQ: Compare the electron configurations of the elements in the same column of the periodic table. Problem 14CQ: Compare the electron configurations of the elements that belong in the same now of the periodic... Problem 15CQ: Atomic and molecular spectra are discrete. What does discrete mean, and how are discrete spectra... Problem 16CQ: Discuss the process of the absorption of light by matter in terms of the atomic structure of the... Problem 17CQ: NGC1763 is an emission nebula in the Large Magellanic Cloud just outside our Milky Way Galaxy.... Problem 18CQ: Why are X-rays emitted only for electron transitions to inner shells? What type of photon is emitted... Problem 19CQ: How do the allowed orbits for electrons in atoms differ from the allowed orbits for planets around... Problem 20CQ: Distinguish between coherent and monochromatic light. Problem 21CQ: Why is a metastable state necessary for the production of laser light? Problem 22CQ: How does light from an incandescent light bulb differ from laser light? Problem 23CQ: How is a Blu-Ray player able to read more information that a CD player? Problem 24CQ: What are the similarities and differences between a CD player and a Blu-Ray player? Problem 25P: The wave function is evaluated at rectangular coordinates (x. y, z) = (2, 1, 1) in arbitrary units.... Problem 26P: If an atom has an election in the n = 5 state with m = 3, what are the possible values of l? Problem 27P: What are the possible values of m for an electron in the n = 4 state? Problem 28P: What, if any, constraints does a value of m = 1 place on the other quantum numbers for an electron... Problem 29P: What are the possible values of m for an electron in the n = 4 state? Problem 30P: (a) How many angles can L make with the z-axis for an l=2 electron? (b) Calculate the value of the... Problem 31P: The force on an electron is “negative the gradient of the potential energy function.” Use this... Problem 32P: What is the total number of states with orbital angular momentum l = 0 ? (Ignore electron spin.) Problem 33P: The wave function is evaluated at spherical coordinates (r, ?, f) = ( 3 , 45°, 45°), where the value... Problem 34P: Coulomb's force law states that the force between two charged particles is: F=kQqr2. Use this... Problem 35P: Write an expression for the total number of states with orbital angular momentum l. Problem 36P: Consider hydrogen in the ground state, 100 . (a) Use the derivative to determine the radial position... Problem 37P: What is the probability that the is electron of a hydrogen atom is found outside the Bohr radius? Problem 38P: How many polar angles are possible for an electron in the l = 5 state? Problem 39P: What is the maximum number of orbital angular momentum electron states in the n = 2 shell of a... Problem 40P: What is the maximum number of orbital angular momentum electron states in the n = 3 shell of a... Problem 41P: Find die magnitude of the orbital magnetic dipole moment of the election in in the 3p state.... Problem 42P: A current of I = 2A flows through a square-shaped wire with 2-cm side lengths. What is the magnetic... Problem 43P: Estimate the ratio of the electron magnetic moment to the moment magnetic moment for the same state... Problem 44P: Find die magnitude of the orbital magnetic dipole moment of the election in in the 4d state.... Problem 45P: For a 3d electron in an external magnetic field of 2.50 × 10-3 T, find (a) the current associated... Problem 46P: An electron in a hydrogen atom is in the n = 5, l = 4 state. Find the smallest angle the magnetic... Problem 47P: Find the minimum torque magnitude that acts on the orbital magnetic dipole of a 3p electron in an... Problem 48P: An election in a hydrogen atom is in 3p state. Find the smallest angle the magnetic moment makes... Problem 49P: Show that U=B . (Hint: An infinitesimal amount of work is done to align the magnetic moment with the... Problem 50P: What is the magnitude of the spin momentum of an electron? (Express you answer in terms of h.) Problem 51P: What are the possible polar orientations of the spin momentum vector for an electron? Problem 52P: For n = 1, write all the possible sets of quantum numbers (n, l, m, ms). Problem 53P: A hydrogen atom is placed in an external uniform magnetic field (B = 200 T). Calculate the... Problem 54P: If the magnetic field in the preceding problem is quadrupled, what happens to the wavelength of... Problem 55P: If the magnetic moment in the preceding problem is doubled, what happens to the frequency of light... Problem 56P: For n = 2, write all the possible sets of quantum numbers (n, l, m, ms). Problem 57P: (a) How many electrons can be in the n = 4 shell? (b) What are its subshells, and how many elections... Problem 58P: (a) What is the minimum value of l for a subshell that contains 11 electrons? (b) If this subshell... Problem 59P: Unreasonable result. Which of die following spectroscopic notations are not allowed? (a) 5s1 (b)... Problem 60P: Write the electron configuration for potassium. Problem 61P: Write the election configuration for iron. Problem 62P: The valence election of potassium is excited to a 5d state, (a) What is the magnitude of the... Problem 63P: (a) If one subshell of an atom has nine electrons in it, what is the minimum value of (b) What is... Problem 64P: Write the electron configuration for magnesium. Problem 65P: Write the electron configuration for carbon. Problem 66P: The magnitudes of the resultant spins of the electrons of the elements B through Ne when in the... Problem 67P: What is the minimum frequency of a photon required to ionize: (a) a He+ ion in its ground stare? (b)... Problem 68P: The ion Li2+ makes ail atomic transition from ail n = 4 state to ail n = 2 state, (a) What is the... Problem 69P: The red light emitted by a ruby laser has a wavelength of 694.3 nm. What is the difference in energy... Problem 70P: The yellow light from a sodium-vapor street lamp is produced by a transition of sodium atoms from a... Problem 71P: Estimate the frequency of the KaX-ray from cesium. Problem 72P: Estimate the frequency of the K X-ray from cesium. Problem 73P: X-rays are produced by striking a target with a beam of electrons. Prior to striking the target, the... Problem 74P: For the preceding problem, what happens to the minimum wavelength if the voltage across the X-ray... Problem 75P: Suppose the experiment in the preceding problem is conducted with muous. What happens to the minimum... Problem 76P: An X-ray tube accelerates an electron with an applied voltage of 50 kV toward a metal target, (a)... Problem 77P: A color television tube generates some X-rays when its election beam strikes the screen. What is the... Problem 78P: An X-ray tube has an applied voltage of 100 kV. (a) What is the most energetic X-ray photon it can... Problem 79P: The maximum characteristic X-ray photon energy comes from the capture of a free electron into a K... Problem 80P: What are the approximate energies of the K and KX-rays for copper? Problem 81P: Compare the X-ray photon wavelengths for copper and gold. Problem 82P: The approximate energies of the K and K X-rays for copper are Ek=8.00 keV and Ek=9.48 keV,... Problem 83P: A carbon dioxide laser used in surgery emits infrared radiation with a wavelength of 10.6 µm . In... Problem 84P: An excimer laser used for vision correction emits UV radiation with a wavelength of 193 nm. (a)... Problem 85AP: For a hydrogen atom in an excited state with principal quantum number n, show that the smallest... Problem 86AP: What is the probability that the Is electron of hydrogen atom is found between r = 0 and r= ? Problem 87AP: Sketch the potential energy function of an electron in a hydrogen atom, (a) What is the value of... Problem 88AP: Find the value of l, the orbital angular momentum quantum number, for the Moon around Earth. Problem 89AP: Show that the maximum number of orbital angular momentum electron states in the nth shell of an atom... Problem 90AP: What is the magnitude of an electron magnetic moment? Problem 91AP: What is the maximum number of electron states n = 5 shell? Problem 92AP: A ground-state hydrogen atom is placed in a uniform magnetic field, and a photon is emitted in the... Problem 93AP: Show that the maximum number of electron states the nth shell of an atom is 2n2. Problem 94AP: The valence election of chlorine is excited to a 3p state, (a) What is the magnitude of the... Problem 95AP: Which of the following notations are allowed (that is, which violate none of the rules regarding... Problem 96AP: The ion Be3+ makes an atomic transition from an n =: 3 state to an n = 2 state, (a) What is the... Problem 97AP: The maximum characteristic X-ray photon energy comes from the capture of a free electron into a K... Problem 98AP: Derive an expression for the ratio of X-ray photon frequency for two elements with atomic numbers Z1... Problem 99AP: Compare the X-ray photon wavelengths for copper and silver. Problem 100AP: (a) What voltage must be applied to an X-ray tube to obtain 0.0100-fm-wavelength X-rays for use in... Problem 101AP: A student in a physics laboratory observes a hydrogen spectrum with a diffraction grating for the... Problem 85AP: For a hydrogen atom in an excited state with principal quantum number n, show that the smallest...
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Calculate the (a) smaller and (b) larger value of the semiclassical angular momentum vector
Definition Definition Product of the moment of inertia and angular velocity of the rotating body: (L) = Iω Angular momentum is a vector quantity, and it has both magnitude and direction. The magnitude of angular momentum is represented by the length of the vector, and the direction is the same as the direction of angular velocity.
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